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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SECTION 28-1 REVIEW OVERVIEW OF PLANTS VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. sporophyte, gametophyte ____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. spore, seed ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. xylem, phloem _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. vascular plant, nonvascular plant ______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. angiosperm, gymnosperm ____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. _____ 1. Each of the following is a part of a seed except the a. embryo. b. endosperm. c. seed coat. d.gametophyte. _____ 2. The plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves is the a. phloem. b. xylem. c. endosperm. d. woody tissue. _____ 3. Ferns are a type of a. vascular plant. b. seed plant. c. angiosperm. d.gymnosperm. _____ 4. Pine trees are a type of a. nonvascular plant. b. angiosperm. c. gymnosperm. d. herbaceous plant. _____ 5. The life cycle of a vascular plant is characterized by a. a large gametophyte and a small sporophyte. b. a large sporophyte and a small gametophyte. c. the absence of a sporophyte. d. the absence of a gametophyte. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 151 Overview of Plants Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Name two adaptations plants have made to life on land, and briefly describe the advantage of each adaptation. _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe three similarities between modern green algae and plants. _______________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. What structures or stages in the life cycle of a plant are haploid? _______________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking In what two ways are the spores of land plants different from the spores of algae, which you learned about in an earlier chapter? ___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagram below is a phylogenetic diagram of plants and their algal ancestors. In the spaces provided, name the important adaptation(s) that evolved at each of the positions indicated on the phylogenetic diagram. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 152 Overview of Plants Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SECTION 28-2 REVIEW NONVASCULAR PLANTS VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. bryophyte ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. liverwort _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. hornwort _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. _____ 1. Bryophytes have a. true roots, stems, and leaves. c. vascular tissue. b. an alternation-of-generations life cycle. d. seeds. _____ 2. Bryophytes include all of the following plants except a. ferns. b. hornworts. c. liverworts. d. mosses. _____ 3. Mosses are called pioneer plants because they a. are more closely related to algae than to plants. b. were the first plants to be cultivated by European settlers in North America. c. are often the first species to inhabit a barren area. d. gradually remove organic and inorganic matter from the surface of rocks. _____ 4. Peat bogs a. decompose rapidly. b. are composed mainly of algae and ferns. c. are found mostly in the southern hemisphere. d. are used as a source of fuel in many countries. _____ 5. The body forms of liverworts may include all of the following except a. thin leaflike structures arranged along a stemlike axis. b. clusters of leaves and flowers at the end of a woody stem. c. a flat body with distinguishable upper and lower surfaces. d. an umbrella-shaped structure that holds reproductive cells. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 153 Nonvascular Plants Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. What phase of the bryophyte life cycle is dominant? _______________________ 2. Why do bryophytes require a moist environment for sexual reproduction? ___________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe three ways that humans use peat moss. _________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. How are hornworts similar to algae and different from other plants? ______________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain how mosses benefit an environmentally disturbed area. _______________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. Critical Thinking In what type of environment would you expect to find liverworts with a thalloid body form? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The drawing below illustrates the main parts of a moss. Identify the phases of the moss life cycle represented by a and b, and name the structure labeled c. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 154 Nonvascular Plants Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SECTION 28-3 REVIEW VASCULAR PLANTS VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. fiddlehead, frond ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. monocot, dicot _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. parallel venation, net venation ________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. _____ 1. The mobile sexual reproductive parts of all seedless plants are a. rhizomes. b. cones. c. spores. d. epiphytes. _____ 2. One of the adaptive advantages of seeds is that seeds a. do not remain inactive for long periods of time. b. can germinate without water. c. lack a tough outer coat. d. contain a nutrient supply. _____ 3. Naked seeds are produced by plants in the phylum a. Coniferophyta. b. Lycophyta. c. Anthophyta. d. Pteridophyta. _____ 4. One of the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms is that a. most gymnosperms can reach maturity in a single growing season. b. angiosperms have a more efficient vascular system. c. gymnosperms are more likely to be associated with mycorrhizae. d. angiosperms are less diverse than gymnosperms. _____ 5. Most monocots a. bear their seeds in cones. b. have vascular bundles that are arranged in a circle. c. do not produce flowers. d. have parallel venation. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 155 Nonvascular Plants Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Identify two ways that vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants. ______________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Briefly describe the distinguishing characteristics of gymnosperms in the phyla Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Coniferophyta. ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. How do the reproductive structures of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking There are many more species of ferns (phylum Pteridoophyta) than there are species in the other three phyla of seedless vascular plants. Propose a hypothesis to explain this fact. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Write the phylum name of the type of vascular plant represented by each of the drawings. Choose the name from the list of phylum names below. Lycophyta Pteridoophyta Coniferophyta Psilophyta Cycadophyta Gnetophyta Sphenophyta Ginkgophyta Anthophyta Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 156 Nonvascular Plants