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Transcript
CHAPTER 22 ILLEGAL DRUGS Lesson 1: Health Risks of Drug Use Substance abuse includes the use of illegal substances, as well as the misuse of legal substances Factors that influence teens o Peer pressure o Family members o Role models o Media messages o Perceptions of drug behavior o Misleading information How drugs affect your health o Physical health Drug abuse can cause an overdose Some may have an increased risk for hepatitis B or HIV when they use needles o Mental health May impair the ability to reason and think Ecstasy – alters the brain’s structure and function o Social health May lose friendships May hurt family members Lesson 2: Marijuana, Inhalants, and Steroids MARIJUANA Most widely used illegal drug Common name for the Indian hemp plant, Cannabis Dried leaves and tops of the cannabis plant Contains THC THC – drug that produces psychoactive effects; fat-soluble drug that settles and builds up in the fatty parts of the body (liver, brain, heart) Smoked or eaten Used to contain 1-5% THC, now days contains 8-15% THC Hashish – made from marijuana, can be smoked alone or mixed with tobacco or eaten in cookies or candies Hashish oil – liquid resin from the cannabis plant Hashish and hashish oil are stronger than marijuana Gateway drug – drug whose use increases the likelihood that a person will use other harmful drugs Teens that use marijuana are 15 times more likely to use cocaine than those that don’t use Other names – chronic, ganja, grass, herb, Mary Jane, pot, reefer, tea, weed How it harm health Mood altering drug – raises the level of dopamine in the brain Dopamine – pleasurable feelings Slow mental reflexes and suffer sudden feelings of anxiety (paranoia) The body – feel relaxed, euphoric, drowsy, increased appetite Marijuana brownies – causes nausea and vomiting Smoking – damages lungs and respiratory system Long term use can harm the reproductive system Males – interferes with sperm production and low levels of testosterone Females – increases in testosterone The mind – short-term memory loss and impairs concentration Often lose their train of thought Amotivational syndrome – persistent loss of ambition and motivation Cause drowsiness and sleep and loss of interest in daily activities Dependence – become preoccupied with using and obtaining marijuana INHALANTS Chemicals affect mood and behavior when inhaled Some inhalants are prescribed by a doctor to treat allergies, asthma, and other medical conditions; they can give the non-user a quick high b/c the body is not used to it NOT a controlled drug Often the first drug a young person tries because it is easily accessible Huffing or sniffing – inhale fumes to get high Bagging – spray substance in a bag and sniff bag Harm health Depress the central nervous system Glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired judgment Immediate death – unconscious and have seizures The body – euphoria, nausea, vomiting, headache, uncontrollable laughter Reduce the flow of oxygen to brain, cause permanent damage Can cause leukemia and lead poisoning Goes immediately to the brain The mind – hallucinations Dependence – need more to get high ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS Steroids – drugs made from hormones Anabolic-androgenic steroids – steroid made from the male hormone testosterone; muscle building Anabolic – muscle building Androgenic – increased male characteristics They are injected or taken by mouth Effects – deepened voice, facial or body hair, increase in muscle size, increase in aggressiveness Prescribed to treat certain medical conditions Taken to improve athletic performance and strength; BUT the tendons and ligaments do not gain strength, so muscle injury is prevelant Corticosteroids – drug similar to cortisol Cortisol – natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands Treat – allergic conditions, arthritis, multiple sclerosis How it harms health The body – causes acne, oily skin, rashes, purple and red spots, bad breath Increase risk of heart disease and stroke Causes fluid to build up leading to HBP Lowers levels of HDL cholesterol Harm reproductive system Males – reduced sperm count, sterility, baldness, painful urination, swelling of prostate, shrinkage of testicles, gynomastia (development of breast) Females – missed menstrual periods, shrinking of uterus, hair growth, deepened voice, smaller breast In teens – could cause premature stopping of bone growth The mind – emotional changes “roid rage” dependence – when they stop, become very depressed, anxious, or restless tired, frequent headaches, nauseous, sick Lesson 3: Psychoactive Drugs Effects of Psychoactive Drugs o Change the fuctioning of the CNS o Some psychoactives have medicinal value, but when misused can lead to problems Club Drugs o Drugs found at converts, dance clubs, and drug parties – raves o Sometimes disguised in foods, or slipped into drinks o Most club drugs are designer drugs Ecstacy (MDMA) Hallucinogen and stimulant Rohypnol Depressant GHB CNS depressant Ketamine Anesthetic used to treat animals Causes hallucinations and may cause respiratory failure Meth (Methamphetamine) LSD (Acid) HALLUCINOGENS Group of drugs that interfere with senses and cause hallucinations Hallucination is – imagined sight, sound, or feeling Also called “psychedelic drugs” Effects may last for several days or hours Kinds LSD – illegal hallucinogen Form of powder, tablets, liquid, or capsules, or blotter acid Blotter acid – small paper square that contains LSD Effects – pupils to dilate, skin to be flushed, heart rate and body temperature to increase “Bad trip” Often believe they are invincible Other names – acid, beast, diamonds, trips, doses, Lucy, tabs PCP – can act as stimulant, sedative, or painkiller Sold illegally in form of liquid, powder, or pills Effects – feel restless, disoriented, anxious, isolated, angry, aggressive, and invincible Creates a distorted sense of time, increased muscle strength, increased feelings of violence, and inability to feel pain Other names – angel dust, dust DXM – “tussin”; cough suppressant Mescaline – made from peyote cactus Effects like LSD Other names – mesc, peyote, microdots, buttons Psilocybin – specific mushroom Other names – magic mushroom, shrooms MDMA – acts as stimulant too May damage the brain chemistry Other names – ecstasy, XTC, X, names of the pills Stimulant and hallucinogenic effects Causes short-term euphoria so people often “roll” – take another pill before the effects are lost from the previous pill How it harms health To the body - Cause vomiting, nausea, loss of muscle control, chills, sweating, stomach cramps, increase or decrease in HR, blood sugar level, body temp, or blood pressure To the mind – impair short-term memory and affects perception, cannot control emotions, mood swings, flashbacksflashback – sudden hallucination a person has long after having used the drug STIMULANTS group of drugs that speed up the activities of CNS “Uppers” because they make you feel alert, awake, and active Increase blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate Always followed by a crash A crash – intense down period of time that follows stimulant use Crash – feel sleepy, fatigued, sad, depressed Develop physical and psychological dependence Kinds Cocaine – addictive stimulant obtained from coca bush Can be snorted, injected, or smoked Snorted – 3 min Injected – 15 sec Smoked – 7 sec Other names – coke, white lady, snow, blow, bernies, Charlie, gold dust Crack – purified cocaine that is smoked to produce rapid and intense reaction More addictive than cocaine Known as “freebase cocaine” Effects are 10x greater Other names – rock Amphetamines – chemically manufactured stimulants Look-alike drug – resemble another drug and mimic its effects; contain mass amounts of caffeine Methamphetamines – type of amphetamine; effects similar to that of cocaine White, odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water Other names – meth, crystal meth, crystal, crank, crystal tea, ice Methcathinone – swallowed, snorted, injected, smoked Other names – cat, bathtub speed, wildcat, goob Ephedrine – found naturally, common ingredient in decongestants, brochodilators,a diet pills Illegal without prescription Methylphenidate – used to treat ADHD Stimulates a portion of the brain that helps a person pay attention and reduces hyperactivity Caffeine – found in chocolate, coffee, tea, soda, medications Most widely used stimulant and least controlled Quick “pick-me-up” Can have irregular heart beat, stomach irritation, increased urination Energy “power” Drinks Often contain 4-10 times more caffeine than a regular soda How it can harm health Cause immediate death Harm body Tremors Vomit Burn nose Harm mind Confused Anxious Aggressive Hallucination – imagined sight, sound, or feeling Cause dependence Body builds quick tolerance Increasing risk of HIV and hepatitis B Increase risk of accidents, violence, and crime SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS/ DEPRESSANTS Depress the activity of the CNS Sedative – drug that is calming to a person’s behavior Hypnotic – produces drowsiness and sleep Include – tranquilizers, sleeping pills Highly addictive and illegal without prescription Types Barbiturates – help people sleep and relieve tension Very addictive Combining barbiturates with alcohol can be fatal Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety, muscle relaxer “date rape drug” Rohypnol – roofies Colorless, odorless, and tasteless GHB – gamma hydroxybuteric acid Available as clear liquid or white powder Engaging in sexual activity with a person under the influence of a date-rape drug is a criminal offense Other names – roofies, barbs, bank bandits, reds, ludes, blockbusters How it harms health Immediate death With alcohol – extremely fatal, alcohol multiplies depressive effects, can cause coma Harm body Slow body function Slurred speech, clammy skin, dilated pupils Harm mind Lazy and constantly tired Dependence Have withdrawal if they stop using the drugs Increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B Increased risk of accidents, violence, and crime NARCOTICS Group of drugs that slow down the CNS and relieve pain Slow down body functions – breathing and heart rate Analgesic – drug that relieves pain Legal with prescription from doctor Kinds Opiates Opium – white, milky fluid from the seedpod of the poppy plant Morphine – narcotic found naturally in opium used to control pain; one of the strongest pain relievers; causes addiction and severe withdrawal symptoms Other names – morph, miss emma Codeine – pain killer from morphine Can cause dizziness, labored breathing, low blood pressure, seizures, and respiratory arrest Heroin – illegal narcotic derived from morphine Often injected, snorted, smoked, or swallowed High risk for HIV and hepatitis B Other names – smack, junk, brother, garbage Health hazards Immediate death – coma To the body – euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, clammy skin Interfere with breathing and coughing To the mind – cannot reason or judge, mood swings Dependence – have withdrawal if they stop taking the drug: symptoms – depressed, mood swings, sensitive to pain Psychological dependence – lack energy or motivation, suffer malnutrition Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs Type of Drug STIMULANTS Cocaine Crack Amphetamines Methamphetamine DEPRESSANTS Barbiturates Tranquilizers Rohypnol GHB NARCOTICS Opium Morphine Heroin Codeine Consequence_____________________ nausea, abdominal pain, malnutrition Chest pain, respiratory failure, death Headache, stroke, seizure, heart attack, death Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles Extreme addiction, same effects as pure cocaine Rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure Decreased appetite, weight loss, and malnutrition High blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, heart failure Loss of muscle coordination, delirium, panic Aggressiveness, increased tolerance, addiction Memory loss, heart and nerve damage Increased tolerance, addiction reduced heart rate and blood pressure Fatigue, confusion, impaired muscle coordination Impaired memory, loss of judgment Reduced respiratory function Depression, unusual excitement, fever, irritability Loss of judgment, dizziness Confusion, inability to remember what happened Decreased blood pressure, drowsiness Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness Impaired breathing, coma, death nausea, constipation rapid onset of tolerance, addiction Confusion, sedation, unconsciousness, coma Reduced respiratory function, respiratory arrest, coma Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles HALLUCINOGENS PCP LSD Ecstasy (MDMA) Ketamine loss of appetite, depression Panic, aggression, violent actions Increased heart and respiratory function Delusions, illusions, hallucinations, flashbacks, convulsions, coma, death confusion, depression, paranoia, muscle breakdown kidney and cardiovascular system failure Memory loss, numbness, impaired motor function Nausea, high blood pressure, fatal respiratory reaction