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CHAPTER 22
ILLEGAL DRUGS
Lesson 1: Health Risks of Drug Use
 Substance abuse includes the use of illegal substances, as well as the misuse
of legal substances
 Factors that influence teens
o Peer pressure
o Family members
o Role models
o Media messages
o Perceptions of drug behavior
o Misleading information
 How drugs affect your health
o Physical health
 Drug abuse can cause an overdose
 Some may have an increased risk for hepatitis B or HIV when
they use needles
o Mental health
 May impair the ability to reason and think
 Ecstasy – alters the brain’s structure and function
o Social health
 May lose friendships
 May hurt family members
Lesson 2: Marijuana, Inhalants, and Steroids
MARIJUANA
 Most widely used illegal drug
 Common name for the Indian hemp plant, Cannabis
 Dried leaves and tops of the cannabis plant
 Contains THC
 THC – drug that produces psychoactive effects; fat-soluble drug that settles
and builds up in the fatty parts of the body (liver, brain, heart)
 Smoked or eaten
 Used to contain 1-5% THC, now days contains 8-15% THC
 Hashish – made from marijuana, can be smoked alone or mixed with tobacco
or eaten in cookies or candies
 Hashish oil – liquid resin from the cannabis plant
 Hashish and hashish oil are stronger than marijuana
 Gateway drug – drug whose use increases the likelihood that a person will use
other harmful drugs
 Teens that use marijuana are 15 times more likely to use cocaine than those
that don’t use
 Other names – chronic, ganja, grass, herb, Mary Jane, pot, reefer, tea, weed
 How it harm health
 Mood altering drug – raises the level of dopamine in the brain
 Dopamine – pleasurable feelings
 Slow mental reflexes and suffer sudden feelings of anxiety (paranoia)
 The body – feel relaxed, euphoric, drowsy, increased appetite
 Marijuana brownies – causes nausea and vomiting
 Smoking – damages lungs and respiratory system
 Long term use can harm the reproductive system
 Males – interferes with sperm production and low levels of
testosterone
 Females – increases in testosterone
 The mind – short-term memory loss and impairs concentration
 Often lose their train of thought
 Amotivational syndrome – persistent loss of ambition and motivation
 Cause drowsiness and sleep and loss of interest in daily activities
 Dependence – become preoccupied with using and obtaining marijuana
INHALANTS
 Chemicals affect mood and behavior when inhaled
 Some inhalants are prescribed by a doctor to treat allergies, asthma, and other
medical conditions; they can give the non-user a quick high b/c the body is not
used to it
 NOT a controlled drug
 Often the first drug a young person tries because it is easily accessible
 Huffing or sniffing – inhale fumes to get high
 Bagging – spray substance in a bag and sniff bag
 Harm health
 Depress the central nervous system
 Glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired judgment
 Immediate death – unconscious and have seizures
 The body – euphoria, nausea, vomiting, headache, uncontrollable laughter
 Reduce the flow of oxygen to brain, cause permanent damage
 Can cause leukemia and lead poisoning
 Goes immediately to the brain
 The mind – hallucinations
 Dependence – need more to get high
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS
 Steroids – drugs made from hormones
 Anabolic-androgenic steroids – steroid made from the male hormone
testosterone; muscle building
 Anabolic – muscle building
 Androgenic – increased male characteristics
 They are injected or taken by mouth
 Effects – deepened voice, facial or body hair, increase in muscle size, increase
in aggressiveness
 Prescribed to treat certain medical conditions
 Taken to improve athletic performance and strength; BUT the tendons and
ligaments do not gain strength, so muscle injury is prevelant
 Corticosteroids – drug similar to cortisol
 Cortisol – natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands
 Treat – allergic conditions, arthritis, multiple sclerosis
 How it harms health
 The body – causes acne, oily skin, rashes, purple and red spots, bad breath
 Increase risk of heart disease and stroke
 Causes fluid to build up leading to HBP
 Lowers levels of HDL cholesterol
 Harm reproductive system
 Males – reduced sperm count, sterility, baldness, painful urination,
swelling of prostate, shrinkage of testicles, gynomastia
(development of breast)
 Females – missed menstrual periods, shrinking of uterus, hair
growth, deepened voice, smaller breast
 In teens – could cause premature stopping of bone growth
 The mind – emotional changes
 “roid rage”
 dependence – when they stop, become very depressed, anxious, or restless
 tired, frequent headaches, nauseous, sick
Lesson 3: Psychoactive Drugs
 Effects of Psychoactive Drugs
o Change the fuctioning of the CNS
o Some psychoactives have medicinal value, but when misused can lead
to problems
 Club Drugs
o Drugs found at converts, dance clubs, and drug parties – raves
o Sometimes disguised in foods, or slipped into drinks
o Most club drugs are designer drugs
 Ecstacy (MDMA)
 Hallucinogen and stimulant
 Rohypnol
 Depressant
 GHB
 CNS depressant
 Ketamine
 Anesthetic used to treat animals
 Causes hallucinations and may cause respiratory failure
 Meth (Methamphetamine)
 LSD (Acid)
HALLUCINOGENS
 Group of drugs that interfere with senses and cause hallucinations
 Hallucination is – imagined sight, sound, or feeling
 Also called “psychedelic drugs”
 Effects may last for several days or hours
 Kinds
 LSD – illegal hallucinogen
 Form of powder, tablets, liquid, or capsules, or blotter acid
 Blotter acid – small paper square that contains LSD
 Effects – pupils to dilate, skin to be flushed, heart rate and body
temperature to increase
 “Bad trip”
 Often believe they are invincible
 Other names – acid, beast, diamonds, trips, doses, Lucy, tabs
 PCP – can act as stimulant, sedative, or painkiller





 Sold illegally in form of liquid, powder, or pills
 Effects – feel restless, disoriented, anxious, isolated, angry, aggressive, and
invincible
 Creates a distorted sense of time, increased muscle strength, increased
feelings of violence, and inability to feel pain
 Other names – angel dust, dust
DXM – “tussin”; cough suppressant
Mescaline – made from peyote cactus
 Effects like LSD
 Other names – mesc, peyote, microdots, buttons
Psilocybin – specific mushroom
 Other names – magic mushroom, shrooms
MDMA – acts as stimulant too
 May damage the brain chemistry
 Other names – ecstasy, XTC, X, names of the pills
 Stimulant and hallucinogenic effects
 Causes short-term euphoria so people often “roll” – take another pill before
the effects are lost from the previous pill
How it harms health
 To the body - Cause vomiting, nausea, loss of muscle control, chills,
sweating, stomach cramps, increase or decrease in HR, blood sugar level,
body temp, or blood pressure
 To the mind – impair short-term memory and affects perception, cannot
control emotions, mood swings, flashbacksflashback – sudden
hallucination a person has long after having used the drug
STIMULANTS group of drugs that speed up the activities of CNS
 “Uppers” because they make you feel alert, awake, and active
 Increase blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate
 Always followed by a crash
 A crash – intense down period of time that follows stimulant use
 Crash – feel sleepy, fatigued, sad, depressed
 Develop physical and psychological dependence
 Kinds
 Cocaine – addictive stimulant obtained from coca bush
 Can be snorted, injected, or smoked
 Snorted – 3 min
 Injected – 15 sec
 Smoked – 7 sec
 Other names – coke, white lady, snow, blow, bernies, Charlie, gold dust
 Crack – purified cocaine that is smoked to produce rapid and intense
reaction
 More addictive than cocaine
 Known as “freebase cocaine”
 Effects are 10x greater
 Other names – rock
 Amphetamines – chemically manufactured stimulants
 Look-alike drug – resemble another drug and mimic its effects; contain
mass amounts of caffeine
 Methamphetamines – type of amphetamine; effects similar to that of
cocaine
 White, odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water
 Other names – meth, crystal meth, crystal, crank, crystal tea, ice
 Methcathinone – swallowed, snorted, injected, smoked
 Other names – cat, bathtub speed, wildcat, goob
 Ephedrine – found naturally, common ingredient in decongestants,
brochodilators,a diet pills
 Illegal without prescription
 Methylphenidate – used to treat ADHD
 Stimulates a portion of the brain that helps a person pay attention and
reduces hyperactivity
 Caffeine – found in chocolate, coffee, tea, soda, medications
 Most widely used stimulant and least controlled
 Quick “pick-me-up”
 Can have irregular heart beat, stomach irritation, increased urination
 Energy “power” Drinks
 Often contain 4-10 times more caffeine than a regular soda
 How it can harm health
 Cause immediate death
 Harm body
 Tremors
 Vomit
 Burn nose
 Harm mind
 Confused
 Anxious
 Aggressive
 Hallucination – imagined sight, sound, or feeling
 Cause dependence
 Body builds quick tolerance
 Increasing risk of HIV and hepatitis B
 Increase risk of accidents, violence, and crime
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS/ DEPRESSANTS
 Depress the activity of the CNS
 Sedative – drug that is calming to a person’s behavior
 Hypnotic – produces drowsiness and sleep
 Include – tranquilizers, sleeping pills
 Highly addictive and illegal without prescription
 Types
 Barbiturates – help people sleep and relieve tension
 Very addictive
 Combining barbiturates with alcohol can be fatal
 Benzodiazepines – used to treat anxiety, muscle relaxer
 “date rape drug”
 Rohypnol – roofies
 Colorless, odorless, and tasteless
 GHB – gamma hydroxybuteric acid
 Available as clear liquid or white powder
 Engaging in sexual activity with a person under the influence of a
date-rape drug is a criminal offense
 Other names – roofies, barbs, bank bandits, reds, ludes, blockbusters
 How it harms health
 Immediate death
 With alcohol – extremely fatal, alcohol multiplies depressive effects,
can cause coma
 Harm body
 Slow body function
 Slurred speech, clammy skin, dilated pupils
 Harm mind
 Lazy and constantly tired
 Dependence
 Have withdrawal if they stop using the drugs
 Increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B
 Increased risk of accidents, violence, and crime
NARCOTICS
 Group of drugs that slow down the CNS and relieve pain
 Slow down body functions – breathing and heart rate
 Analgesic – drug that relieves pain
 Legal with prescription from doctor
 Kinds
 Opiates
 Opium – white, milky fluid from the seedpod of the poppy plant
 Morphine – narcotic found naturally in opium used to control pain; one
of the strongest pain relievers; causes addiction and severe withdrawal
symptoms
 Other names – morph, miss emma
 Codeine – pain killer from morphine
 Can cause dizziness, labored breathing, low blood pressure, seizures,
and respiratory arrest
 Heroin – illegal narcotic derived from morphine
 Often injected, snorted, smoked, or swallowed
 High risk for HIV and hepatitis B
 Other names – smack, junk, brother, garbage
 Health hazards
 Immediate death – coma
 To the body – euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, clammy skin
 Interfere with breathing and coughing
 To the mind – cannot reason or judge, mood swings
 Dependence – have withdrawal if they stop taking the drug: symptoms
– depressed, mood swings, sensitive to pain
 Psychological dependence – lack energy or motivation, suffer malnutrition
Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs
Type of Drug
STIMULANTS
Cocaine
Crack
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
DEPRESSANTS
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers
Rohypnol
GHB
NARCOTICS
Opium
Morphine
Heroin
Codeine
Consequence_____________________
nausea, abdominal pain, malnutrition
Chest pain, respiratory failure, death
Headache, stroke, seizure, heart attack, death
Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles
Extreme addiction, same effects as pure cocaine
Rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure
Decreased appetite, weight loss, and malnutrition
High blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, heart
failure
Loss of muscle coordination, delirium, panic
Aggressiveness, increased tolerance, addiction
Memory loss, heart and nerve damage
Increased tolerance, addiction
reduced heart rate and blood pressure
Fatigue, confusion, impaired muscle coordination
Impaired memory, loss of judgment
Reduced respiratory function
Depression, unusual excitement, fever, irritability
Loss of judgment, dizziness
Confusion, inability to remember what
happened
Decreased blood pressure, drowsiness
Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, loss of
consciousness
Impaired breathing, coma, death
nausea, constipation
rapid onset of tolerance, addiction
Confusion, sedation, unconsciousness, coma
Reduced respiratory function, respiratory arrest,
coma
Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles
HALLUCINOGENS
PCP
LSD
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Ketamine
loss of appetite, depression
Panic, aggression, violent actions
Increased heart and respiratory function
Delusions, illusions, hallucinations, flashbacks,
convulsions, coma, death
confusion, depression, paranoia, muscle
breakdown
kidney and cardiovascular system failure
Memory loss, numbness, impaired motor
function
Nausea, high blood pressure, fatal respiratory
reaction