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Math Vocabulary – Unit 7 Account balance: An amount of money that you have or that your owe. Ambiguous: When an expression has more than one possible meaning. Axis or coordinate grid: Either of the two number lines used to form a coordinate grid. (plural:axes) Base: a number that is raised example, the base of 52 is 5. to a power. For Debt: An amount subtracted from a bank balance; a withdrawal. Expanded notation: A way of writing a number as the sum of values of each digit. For example 356 is 300 + 50 + 6 in expanded notation. Exponent: a small raised number used in exponential notation to tell how many times the base is used as a factor. For example, in 53, the base is 5 and the exponent is 3 and 53 = 5 * 5 * 5 = 125. Same as power. Exponential Notation: a way of representing repeated multiplication by the same factor. For example 23 is the exponential notation for 2 * 2 * 2. The exponent 3 tells how many times the base 2 is used as a factor. Expression: (1) a mathematical phrase made up of numbers, variables, operation symbols, and/or grouping symbols. An expression does not contain relation symbols such as =, , . (2) Either side of an equation or inequality. Factor: (1) Each side of two or more numbers in a product. For example in 6 * 0.5 , 6 and 0.5 are factors. (2) To represent a number as a product of factors. For example, factor 21 by rewriting it as 7 * 3. In the black: having a positive account balance; having more money than is owed. In the red: having a negative account owing more money than is available. Line graph: A graph in which connected by line segments. data balance; points are Negative numbers: Numbers less than zero; the opposites of the positive numbers, commonly written as a positive number preceeded by a – or OPP. Negative numbers are plotted left of 0 in a horizontal number line or below 0 in a vertical number line. Nested parentheses: parentheses within parentheses in an expression. Expressions are evaluated within the innermost parentheses outward. Number-and-word notation: a notation consisting of the significant digits of a number and words for the place value. For example, 27 billion is a number-and-word notation for 27,000,000,000. Opposite distance opposite number n of a number n: a number that is the same from 0 on a number line as n, but on the side of 0. In symbols, the opposite of a is –n. Order of operations: Rules that tell the order in which operation in an expression should be carried out. The conventional order of operations is as follows: 1) Parentheses 2) exponents 3) Multiply 4) Divide 5) Add and 6) Subtract. Power of ten: a number that can be written in the form 10a , where a is a counting number; that is the numbers 10 = 101 , 100 = 102, 1,000 = 103, and so on , that can be written using only 10’s as factors. Power of a number: a product of factors that are all the same; the result of ab for any numbers a and b. For example, 53 = 5 * 5 * 5 = 125 is read “five to the third power of 5” because 5 is a factor 3 times. Scientific notation: a system for representing numbers in which a number is written as the product of a power of 10 and a number that is at least 1 and less than 10. Scientific notation allows you to write large and small numbers with only a few symbols. For example, in scientific notation, 4,300,000 is 4.3 * 106 and 0.00001 is 1 * 10 -5 . Standard notation: out most common way of representing whole numbers, integers, and decimals. Standard notation is base-10 place value numeration. For example, standard notation for three hundred fifty-six is 356. Trend: how something has changed over a period of time. Venn diagram: a picture that uses circles or rings to show relationships between sets. In this diagram, 22 + 8 = 30 girls are on the track team, and 8 are on both the track and the basketball teams. 22 8 30