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ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N I can understand the structures and roles of the four organic molecules. E Know the structures, functions and subunits (monomers) of the four organic compounds: carbohydrates - monosaccharides proteins – amino acids lipids – fatty acids nucleic acids – nucleotides E EC E 2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and functions of cells including: • Cell organelles. • Cell specialization. • Communication among cells within an organism E- Essential M – Maintenance Reasoning Targets Identify and know the structure and functions of Organelles nucleus plasma/cell membrane cell wall mitochondria vacuole chloroplast ribosome I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I 2.01: Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules: • Carbohydrates. • Proteins. • Lipids. • Nucleic Acids. I can understand the structures of cells and how they work. Knowledge Targets Interpret results of tests for: starch (iodine) lipids (brown paper), monosaccharides (Benedict’s Solution) protein (Biuret’s) Analyze the differences between plant and animal cells Use and understand light microscope techniques and procedures Calculate the total power of magnification 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Know hierarchy of cell organization cells tissue organs organ systems Identify the structure of plant and animal cells Understand how surface area and volume are related. Understand that cells communicate with one another through chemical signals. E I can understand how cells maintain constant conditions. DIFFERENTIATION, CHLOROPLAST, RIBOSOME, MITOCHONDRION, SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE Understand the concept of homeostasis 2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: Maintenance of homeostasis. Movement of materials into and out of cells. Energy use and release in biochemical reactions. E- Essential Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I 2.02 Continued) Reasoning Targets M – Maintenance Know that maintenance of homeostasis includes regulation of temperature, pH, blood glucose levels and water balance Understand the processes of active transport, passive transport, diffusion and osmosis Know that ATP is the source of energy for cellular activities Describe how cells store and use energy I – Important N – Nice to Know Compare and contrast active and passive transport Predict changes in osmotic pressure that may occur as cells are placed in solutions of different concentrations 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I Performance/ with ATP and ADP molecules E I can understand the structure and role of enzymes. Understand the function of a buffer Know the pH scale DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS, HOMEOSTASIS Know that enzymes are necessary for all biochemical reactions 2.04 Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems. Understand that enzymes are proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions and are reusable and specific. Predict how enzymes are affected by outside factors (pH and temperature) ENZYME, catalyst, substrate I can understand how cells turn food into energy. 2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: Aerobic Respiration. Anaerobic Respiration. E- Essential M – Maintenance E Understand reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Know that anaerobic respiration includes lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation Know that anaerobic respiration means without I – Important N – Nice to Know Interpret how factors (such as light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature) will affect rate of photosynthesis and cellular respiration 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I oxygen. Photosynthesis. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis in regard to efficiency, which organisms use processes which organelles are involved Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of overproduction, underproduction, and production of proteins at wrong times (injury repair versus cancer) AUTOTROPH, HETEROTROPH, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS E I can understand how DNA stores and passes on hereditary information. 3.01 Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication. Protein synthesis (transcription, translation). Gene regulation. Understand: Structure and function of DNA and RNA DNA Replication Protein Synthesis o Transcription o Translation Gene Regulation Gene Mutations o Frame-Shift o Point Complementary Base - Pairing Amino Acids Performance/ Use a codon chart to determine amino acid sequencing to make proteins Transcribe and translate a DNA sequence. TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC I can understand how cells reproduce. 3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction. E Knowledge Targets Know that mitosis is asexual reproduction and meiosis is sexual reproduction. Identify the steps of mitosis Understand the sources of genetic variation: o crossing over o random assortment o gene mutation o nondisjunction o fertilization GENETIC VARIATION, MITOSIS, MEIOSIS E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I E Reasoning Targets Compare and contrast the terms haploid and diploid. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis in terms of changes of chromosome number, number of cell divisions and number of cells produced, and advantages and disadvantages of both Place mitosis diagrams in order 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E 3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance. Dominant, recessive and intermediate traits. Multiple alleles. Polygenic inheritance. Sex-linked traits. Independent assortment. Test cross. Pedigrees. Punnett squares. E- Essential M – Maintenance Reasoning Targets Identify and determine genotypes and phenotypes Know the terms homozygous and heterozygous Recognize that phenotypes are the result of genotypes and the environment Discuss Mendel’s experiments and laws Understand that dominant traits mask recessive alleles Know that incomplete dominance (partial dominance) results in the blending of traits (heterozygous pink flowers) Interpret karyotypes (gender, chromosomal abnormalities) Interpret co-dominant crosses involving multiple alleles Know that co-dominant alleles result in the expression of both traits (roan cows & AB blood type) Know the autosomal inheritance patterns I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I E I can understand how genes are inherited. Knowledge Targets Determine if parentage is possible based on blood types Solve crosses involving intermediate patterns of inheritance and multiple alleles. Solve crosses involving sex linked traits (color-blindness and hemophilia) Solve problems featuring monohybrid crosses (parental, F1, F2 generations) Given a phenotype, suggest an appropriate test cross to determine the genotype of an organism Interpret problems featuring monohybrid 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets M – Maintenance Know the A, B, AB, and O blood types (alleles: IA, IB, and i) Recognize that some traits are controlled by more than one pair of genes (has a wide range of phenotypes (skin and hair color) Understand human sex chromosomes Understand why males are more likely to express a sex-linked trait Know the importance of the genes being on separate chromosomes as it relates to meiosis I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I and characteristics of sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington’s disease E- Essential Reasoning Targets crosses Determine parental genotypes based on offspring ratios 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC I can understand biotechnology and how it affects society. 3.04 Assess the impact of advances in genomics on individuals and society. Human genome project. Applications of biotechnology. E Knowledge Targets Know that the process of meiosis leads to independent assortment and greater genetic diversity Identify the genotypes of individuals from a given pedigree and be able to identify patterns of inheritance. HOMOZYGOUS, HETEROZYGOUS Understand the goals and common uses of the human genome project. Know the applications of gene therapy (in regards to cystic fibrosis). Understand that gel electrophoresis is a process that separates molecules by size. Understand the applications of transgenic organisms (plants, animals & bacteria) Know the agricultural and pharmaceutical applications of transgenics, including the production of human insulin. Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I E Reasoning Targets Interpret the results of DNA fingerprints. Debate the ethical issues and implications of genomics and biotechnology (stem cell research and genetically modified organisms). Use a DNA fingerprint to determine paternity and results of crime scene investigations. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, RECOMBINANT E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I Performance/ DNA, TRANSGENIC E Define the following terms: biogenesis, abiogenesis, speciation Understand early atmospheric hypotheses and experiments. Understand that variation provides the material for natural selection. Understand the use of fossil dating methods (relative/radioactive). Understand that mechanisms of evolution include geographic and reproductive isolation. I can understand the theory of evolution. 3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including: Development of the theory. The origin and history of life. Fossil and biochemical evidence. Mechanisms of evolution. Applications (pesticide and antibiotic resistance). NATURAL SELECTION E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know Analyze the derivation of the theory of natural selection (Darwin & LaMarck) Interpret experiments to discredit abiogenesis (Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur) Order the progression of the 1st life forms on earth, including endosymbiosis Infer age from patterns in fossil records 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E- Essential M – Maintenance E I Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Evaluate patterns in embryology, homologous structures, biochemical evidence Interpret the role of geographic isolation in speciation Analyze the role of the environment in selecting adaptations Analyze the evolutionary selection of resistance to antibiotics and pests in various species 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E E M – Maintenance Skill Targets Hierarchy of classification systems (DKPCOFGS) Binomial nomenclature - Linnaeus Evolutionary phylogeny, embryology and morphology Understand how organisms circulate I – Important N – Nice to Know Use dichotomous keys to determine genus and species or identify organisms Compare and contrast: PROKARYOTE, EUKARYOTE E E- Essential Performance/ Know and understand The historical development and changing nature of classification systems. Similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Similarities and differences among the eukaryotic kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals. Classify organisms using keys. I can understand the life processes of Reasoning Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I I can understand how living things are grouped and organized. 4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships. Knowledge Targets Prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of their size, chromosome structure and organelles. Protists, fungi, plants and animals in terms of their methods of making/getting food, cellular structures and reproduction. Compare and contrast how unicellular protists, 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets materials Unicellular protists, annelid worms, insects, amphibians, mammals, non vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Transport, excretion, respiration, regulation, nutrition, synthesis, reproduction, and growth and development. E- Essential M – Maintenance Understand how organisms get rid of excess fluid and waste Understand how organisms control their body processes Understand how organisms get oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide through moist membranes. Understand how plants exchange gases with the environment Understand how organisms break down and absorb food Understand the importance of surface area in relation to absorption. Understand how organisms build necessary molecules I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I organisms. 4.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish essential life functions including: Reasoning Targets annelid worms, insects, amphibians, mammals, non- vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms accomplish the essential life functions: 1. Transport 2. Excretion 3. Regulation 4. Nutrition 5. Synthesis 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development 8. Respiration 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC I can understand how adaptations affect survival and reproductive success. 4.03 Assess, describe and explain adaptations affecting survival and reproductive success. Structural adaptations in plants and animals (form to function) Disease-causing viruses and microorganisms Co-evolution E- Essential M – Maintenance E Knowledge Targets Know how different organisms reproduce (whether they are sexual or asexual, use eggs, seeds, spores, placentas) Know how different types of organisms grow and develop Understand the term “adaptation” as it applies to an organism’s ability to transport molecules, excrete wastes, regulate body processes, exchange gases, feed, synthesize molecules, reproduce and grow and develop. Understand the structure and mutations of viruses and other microorganisms. Understand the variety of disease-causing pathogens and whether they are viral or bacterial, specifically: o HIV o Influenza o Smallpox I – Important N – Nice to Know Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I E Reasoning Targets Interpret how different types of adaptations can affect survival o Feeding adaptations o Reproductive adaptations o Adaptations for life on land o Mimicry o Camouflage o Predator/Prey 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets 4.04 Analyze and explain the interactive role of internal and external factors in health and disease: Genetics. Immune response. Nutrition. Parasites. Toxins. E M – Maintenance Understand the co-evolution between angiosperms and their pollinators. Sources and functions of the following nutrients: E- Essential Streptococcus (strep throat) ADAPTATION Understand genetic and environmental factors that affect health and disease. Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I o I can understand how both genes and the environment cause diseases. Reasoning Targets Understand the function and relationship of Helper T-Cells, Cytotoxic T-Cells, BCells, antibodies, antigens and memory cells. Understand the difference between passive immunity (antibodies received from mother) and active immunity. Understand the function of vaccines. Understand the life cycle of the malaria parasite (plasmodium) and how it is acquired by a vector (mosquito). I – Important N – Nice to Know Evaluate the interactive role of genetics and the environment in determining a specific response including: Sickle cell anemia and malaria Lung/mouth cancer and tobacco use Skin cancer, vitamin D, folic acid and sun exposure 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I I can understand how animal behavior helps them adapt to their environment. Taxes (insects moving away from or toward light) o Suckling (mammals) o Migration o Estivation o Hibernation Understand the types of learned behaviors: o o o o o M – Maintenance PKU and diet Understand the effects of environmental toxins o Lead o Mercury ANTIBODY, ANTIGEN Understand the following innate behaviors (instincts): E 4.05 Analyze the broad patterns of animal behavior as adaptations to the environment. Innate behavior Learned behavior Social behavior E- Essential Performance/ I – Important Habituation Imprinting Classical conditioning (Pavlov’s Dog) Trial and error N – Nice to Know 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I Performance/ Understand the following social behaviors: o o o o Communication using pheromones Courtship dances Territorial defense Living in animal societies (ants, bees) IMPRINTING, PHEROMONE, TAXIS I can understand how populations, communities and ecosystems work together. 5.01 Investigate and analyze the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Techniques of field ecology. Abiotic and biotic factors. Carrying capacity. E Identify and describe symbiotic relationships o Mutualism o Commensalism o Parasitism Identify patterns in predator/prey relationships Define carrying capacity Identify exponential and logistic growth graphs. Know the difference between biotic and abiotic factors Predict patterns in predator/prey relationships Analyze how limiting factors influence carrying capacity (food availability, competition, harsh winter) Interpret population growth graphs CARRYING CAPACITY, MUTUALISM, COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM, EXPONENTIAL GROWTH E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC I can understand how energy and matter cycles through ecosystems. E E Reasoning Targets Investigate the carbon cycle as it relates to photosynthesis and respiration Understand a food web, food chain, and energy pyramid Understand trophic levels Performance/ Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I 5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem Relationship of the carbon cycle to photosynthesis and respiration. Knowledge Targets Analyze food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids for direction and efficiency of energy transfer Trophic levels – direction and efficiency of energy transfer E I can understand how the human population has affected the earth. 5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments: Historic and potential changes in population. Factors associated with those changes. Climate change. E- Essential M – Maintenance Recognize human population growth graphs Understand how different factors influence birth and death rates Understand causes of acid rain and habitat destruction Know the effects of introducing non-native species to an environment Understand how increases in the human population affect populations of other organisms Understand causes of the greenhouse effect Understand how natural processes such as volcanoes influence the greenhouse effect I – Important N – Nice to Know Analyze how historical and potential changes have impacted human population growth graphs Interpret the effects of population size, density and resource use on the environment Analyze how the 6/19/2017 Product Targets ISS Curriculum Guide High School – Biology - Revised Summer 2010 The complete North Carolina Standard Course of Study and Support Documents for Biology can be accessed at: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/curriculum/science/scos/2004/23biology Top ISS Student Friendly 10 Learning Target M (NCSCOS) N EC Resource use. Sustainable practices/stewardship. E Knowledge Targets Reasoning Targets Skill Targets ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY I Understand what constitutes a “sustainable practice” and the concept of stewardship Understand the impact of humans on natural resources o know the terms deforestation, pesticides, and bioaccumulation research Performance/ greenhouse effect relates to the carbon cycle Interpret age structure diagrams. BIOACCUMULATION E- Essential M – Maintenance I – Important N – Nice to Know 6/19/2017 Product Targets