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Download Lecture Notes: Chapter 2 Motion
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Lecture Notes: Chapter 2 Motion Real World Application: Motion Q: Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-andfield meets in the Olympics? Explain? Motion and Frame of Reference A __________________________________is needed to determine the _______________________________. Motion occurs when _________________________________________________ Q: Frame of reference picture: Using the picture on this slide what would you use as your frame of reference? 1. 2. 3. Relative Motion Q: If you are sitting in a chair reading this sentence, you are moving? How? You are not moving relative to your desk or your school building, __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Scientists at NASA need to consider frames of reference because all objects in space are in constant motion relative to earth. They can’t just send up a satellite or spacecraft and expect it to be at the speed of the other objects. Distance An important part of describing the motion of an object is to describe ____________________________________________________________. SI unit for distance is: ___________________ ( ) ___________________ ( ) ___________________ ( ) Displacement Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m mark and then turns around and runs back to the 20-m mark. Q: What is the distance traveled? The runner travels ________ in the original direction (north) plus _________ in the opposite direction (south), so the total distance she ran is ___________. ___________________ is the ___________________________________ of an object's change in position from the starting point. Q: What is the displacement in the above example? Speed and The Speed Formula * Speed is the __________________________________________________________. Speed Formula: Calculating Speed The SI unit for speed is __________________________________________ Examples of units of speed: Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car traveling on a nearly empty freeway. You look at the speedometer and see that the car's speed hardly changes. ______________________________________. It’s like driving and your car is in _______________ _______________. Constant Speed Graph: Changing Speed Usually_________________________________. Think about riding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km, as shown. Speed changing over Distance Average Speed Average speed describes speed of ____________________________ ___________________________________. Average speed is the _______________________________________ __________________________________________________. Q: If the total distance traveled was 5 km and the total time was 15 min, or 0.25 h. What is the average speed? Answer the following question: 1. 2. Section 2.1 Velocity and Acceleration Velocity_____________________________________________. Q: How are speed and velocity different? How are they the same? Acceleration, Speed and Velocity Acceleration is ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. Acceleration occurs when an _____________________________ _________________________________________. Speeding Up and Slowing Down If the acceleration is in the_________________________as the velocity the ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. • , If the speed decreases, _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Calculating Acceleration Acceleration can be calculated from the following equation: Calculating Positive Acceleration Q: Suppose a jet airliner starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of 80 m/s in 20 s. Formula: Numbers Used: Answer with correct units: Calculating Negative Acceleration Q: Now imagine that a skateboarder is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of 3 m/s and comes to a stop in 2 s. Formula Numbers Used Answer with correct units Answer the following questions 1. 2. 3. Extra Problems!!!!!!!!!! Find the speed of a mouse who runs 15 m in 5 sec. Find the acceleration of a car that goes from 15 m/s to 45 m/s in 5 sec. Find the acceleration of a bus that goes from 60 m/s to 0 m/s in 2 seconds!!! What is force? * A force is___________________________. Balanced Forces When___________________________________, the forces combine to form the __________________________. Forces on an object that are__________________________________________ Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces When two students are__________________________ or ___________________ Unbalanced Forces Inertia and Mass Inertia (ih NUR shuh) is ____________________________________________. The velocity of the object ____________________________________________ If an object is at rest, ________________________________________________. The inertia of an object is related to its mass. __________________________________________________________________ Newton’s Laws of Motion The British scientist _______________________________(1642–1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects of forces on the motion of objects. Newton's first law of motion states that __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________. If an object is at rest, ________________________________________________. This law is sometimes called ___________________________ Q: How can a car crash explain the law of inertia? Questions 1. 2. 3.