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Class _________________
Date _____________
Chapter 4 Test Review
Reviewing Key Concepts
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The natural situation in which heat is retained by the atmosphere is
the
2.
zones are located in the areas around Earth’s poles.
3.
zones have climates that range from hot to cold.
4. The zone that receives direct year-round sunlight is the
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions. 5.
What gases trap heat energy in Earth’s atmosphere?
6. How do greenhouse gases maintain Earth’s temperature range?
7. What causes the three main climate zones on Earth?
Reviewing Key Skills
8. Applying Concepts Describe five factors that affect climate.
9. Applying Concepts In the past century, the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere has been increasing steadily. Describe an effect this might
have on Earth’s climate.
10. Inferring On a particular day at the beach, air is moving downward over the ocean
and upward over the sand. What can you infer about the relative temperatures of the
air over the sea and the air over the sand?
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Name
Class
Date
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. Name and describe the two factors that determine the survival and
growth of organisms in an ecosystem.
2. Name three types of community interactions that affect an ecosystem.
3. In which type of community relationship does one member of the
association benefit while the other is neither helped nor harmed? Give
an example.
4. What are the two kinds of disturbances that change ecosystems?
5. Describe the process of succession in an ecosystem.
Reviewing Key Skills
6. Applying Concepts How is a niche related to abiotic and biotic factors?
7. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the three types of
symbiosis—mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism—in terms of
the relationships that exist within each type.
8. Applying Concepts If two organisms occupy the same niche in the
same habitat at the same time, what must be true about them?
9. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the two types of succession
and give an example of each.
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Name
Class
Date
Reviewing Key Concepts
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the biome that best
matches
1. hot and wet year-round; home to more
species than all other land biomes combined
a. boreal forest
2. warm year-round; wet and dry seasons;
tall deciduous trees, tigers, termites
c. tropical rain forest
3. warm temperatures; frequent fires; tall
perennial grasses, herbivores such as
antelopes and zebras
b. desert
d. temperate woodland
and shrubland
e. tropical savanna
4. variable temperatures; low precipitation;
cacti and other succulents
f. temperate grassland
5. warm to hot summers, cold winters, fertile
soil; perennial grasses, prairie dogs
h. temperate forest
g. tropical dry forest
i. tundra
6. hot, dry summers, nutrient-poor soil;
woody evergreen shrubs, chaparral, coyotes
7. cold to moderate winters, warm summers, yearround precipitation; deciduous trees, raccoons,
skunks
8. long cold winters, short mild summers; needleleaf
conifers, moose, lynx
9. cold, dark, long winters, permafrost; mosses,
lichens,
caribou,
ox of organisms that live in it.
the description ofsedges,
the climate
and musk
species
Reviewing Key Skills
10. Interpreting Graphics Identify the biomes represented by Graphs A
and B.
Explain your answers.
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Name
Date
Class
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The four main factors that affect aquatic ecosystems are
and
2. Most freshwater ecosystems belong in one of two following
categories:
ecosystems and
ecosystems.
3. The ocean zones based on light penetration are the
and
4. The ocean zones based on the distance from land and the
depth of the ocean floor are the
and
Reviewing Key Skills
5. Applying Concepts What abiotic factors characterize salt marshes?
6. Applying Concepts Why might a wide range of species be
endangered by the pollution of an estuary?
7. Applying Concepts What role does phytoplankton play in the food
webs of many aquatic ecosystems?
8. Comparing and Contrasting What distinguishes the photic zone
from the aphotic zone in a marine ecosystem?
9. Comparing and Contrasting Explain why photosynthesis is more likely to
occur throughout the coastal ocean but only in a small part of the open
ocean.
10. Predicting Which ocean zone would seem least likely to support marine life?
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Name________________________________ Class ____________________ Date _______________
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term.
1. weather
a. nonliving factors that shape ecosystems
2. greenhouse effect
b. the full range of conditions in which an
organism lives and the way in which the
organism uses those conditions
3. polar zone
4. temperate zone
5. biotic factors
6. abiotic factors
7. niche
8. predation
c. natural situation in which atmospheric gases
trap heat inside Earth’s atmosphere
d. cold area where the sun’s rays strike at a very
low angle
e. interaction where an organism captures and
feeds on another organism
f. day-to-day condition of Earth’s atmosphere at
a particular time and place
g. climate in this area ranges from hot to cold,
depending on the season
h. biological influences on organisms within an
ecosystem
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
9. The three main types of symbiotic relationships in nature are
_______________________ , _______________________ , and
________________________ .
10. The gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance
is called ________________________ .
11. A group of communities that covers a large area and that contains a
characteristic assemblage of plants and animals is called a(an)
_______________________ .
12. From higher to lower, the two layers that plants make up in a
tropical rain forest are the _________________________ and the
_______________________ .
13. Trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have leaves shaped like
needles are called_________________________ .
14. The ________________________ contains dense evergreen forests of
coniferous trees.
15. The tiny, free-floating algae and animals that occur in both
freshwater and saltwater environments are called
_______________________ .
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Name _______________________________
Class ___________________
Date _______________
16. The well-lit upper layer of bodies of water where photosynthesis can
take place is called the _________________________ zone.
17. The permanently dark section of the ocean is called the
_______________________ zone.
18. The prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a
particular habitat is called _________________________ .
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the phrase or term
that best answers the question.
19. What type of unicellular algae are supported by
nutrients in water and form the base of aquatic food
webs?
a. sphagnum
c. zooplankton
b. detritus
d. phytoplankton
20. What type of wetland forms when a freshwater
source meets the ocean?
a. estuary
c. bog
b. salt marsh
d. mangrove swamp
21. What type of ecosystem occurs in tropical climates
and contains dominant species of salt-tolerant woody
plants?
a. salt marsh
c. wetland
b. mangrove swamp
d. benthic zone
22. In the illustration below, which ocean zone is A
referring to?
a. coastal ocean
c. photic zone
b. aphotic zone
d. benthic zone
Photic zone
Aphotic zone
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