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Fabaceae Bean or Pea Family Class: Magnoliopsida Sub-Class: Rosidae Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamilies: 1. Papilionoideae 2. Caesalpinoideae 3. Mimosoideae Genera: about 400 Species: about 10,000 Habit: Trees, Shrubs, Herbs Self supporting, epiphytic, or climbing Helophytic, mesophytic, or xerophytic Flowers: Bisexual, _______________________________________, perigynous What does perigynous mean?____________________________________________________ Inflorescence: may be raceme, spike, or head Floral Formula: CA5COZ5A10or9+1 or 10G1 Calyx: 5 sepals united below tube Corolla: 5 petals (1 standard, 2 wing, 2 keel fused in) Gynoecium: One simple pistil (________________________________________) ovary superior, marginal placentation. Androecium: 10 stamens, ___________________________________(A10) or _______________________________________(A9+1) Leaves: Compound (pinnate or palmate) rarely simple, alternate -stipules may be modified into tendrils -pulvinus______________________________________ Roots: nodules and nitrogen fixing bacteria Fruit: Simple, Capsule: dehiscent legume or a loment Seed: May have food reserves in the cotyledons Ethnobotany of Selected Genera 1) CAROB Ceratonia siliqua -cultivated for its fruit and seeds both high in sugar and calcium, low in protein and fats -used in “health foods” as a chocolate substitute and in livestock feeds -gum is extracted from the ground endosperm and used in many food products, in the manufacture of paper, in cosmetics, and drugs 2) ALFALFA Medicago sativa -claimed to have the highest feeding value of all commonly grown hay crops, producing more protein per hectare than any other crop for livestock -valued as a honey plant -powdered alfalfa is used as a diluent to adjust strength of digitalis powder 3) MILK VETCH Astragalus gummifer - Tragacanth gum is one of the oldest known emulsifiers known to man - aprodesiac qualities ascribed to the gum 4) PEANUT Arachis hypogaea -peanut is known world wide as a ground nut, and to a lesser extent, as an earth nut, monkey nut, and a goober - George Washington Carver used peanuts in mayonnaise -may be used as a meat or dairy extender 5) BLUE LUPINE Lupinus angustifolius - used as forage and silage and for late winter and early spring grazing - poisonous, especially to sheep - in India, it is planted as green manure between successive crops of potatoes 6) BEAN or COMMON BEAN Phaseolus vulgaris - native to the New World, probably Central Mexico and Guatemala - beans are said to be used for acne, diarrhea, hiccups, and rheumatism 7) SOYBEAN Glycine max - soymilk is ideal for diabetics because there is little or no carbohydrate content - Oligosaccharides are responsible for flatulence, but if extracted with ethanol, flatus potential is lowered 8) CHICKPEA Cicer arientinum - valued for its nutritive seeds with protein content of 14-30% - Dahl is the split chickpea with out its seedcoat, fried, and cooked into a thick soup or ground into flour for snacks and sweetmeats - may be used medicinally for bronchitis, cholera, constipation, flatulence, snakebite, and warts * In the sixteenth century, chickpeas were believed to be aphrodisiac. Lentils were considered to have the opposite effect, and this was probably the reason why the lentil was included in the diet in monasteries on meatless days. 9) COMMON OR GARDEN PEA Pisum sativum - pisum oil from the ripened seed has antisex harmonic effects; produced sterility and antagonizes effect of male hormone 10) LENTIL Lens culinaris - lentil is cultivated for its nutritive seed, eaten as dahl and considered the most nutritious of pulses - in India, lentils are poulticed onto the ulcers that follow smallpox and other slowhealing sores 11) SWEET PEA Lathyrus odoratus - most noted for use as an ornamental garden plant 12) BUTTERFLY PEA Clitoria ternata -roots may promote nausea and vomiting and many consider them unsafe for medicine - roots and flowers mixed with root-bark or indrani (Vitex negundo) given internally for snake-bite, especially cobra bite.