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Geology 1 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Teacher’s notes and Flash files Most slides contain notes to accompany the presentation. This icon indicates that the notes contain particularly detailed instructions or extension activities. To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000/2002). Notes Page View Normal View This icon indicates that a Flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide. These files are not editable. 2 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Types of rock There are 3 types of rock: Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous 3 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Igneous rocks Some igneous rocks have small crystals. These have cooled quickly close to the surface. These are hard rocks. An example of this type of igneous rock is basalt. Some igneous rocks have large crystals. These have cooled slowly deep underground. These are hard rocks. An example of this type of igneous rock is granite. In igneous rocks the crystals are in a random order (no pattern). 4 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Granite Granite has visible crystals. What differences do you notice between these two igneous rocks? Basalt 5 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The formation of igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks are cooled quickly so small crystals form (e.g. basalt). volcano magma 6 of 25 Intrusive igneous rocks are cooled more slowly so large crystals form (e.g. granite). © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Igneous rocks Basalt 7 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Igneous rocks Granite 8 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Basalt pillars These pillars were formed when lava cooled on the Earth’s surface. 9 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Sedimentary rocks These are made from layers of sediment. They are grainy and crumbly and may contain fossils. Examples of sedimentary rocks are sandstone and limestone. 10 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Sedimentary rock – sedimentation layers of sediments getting older 11 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The formation of sedimentary rocks These were formed from layers of sediment which were squeezed together. rivers new deposits sea/lake/river land 12 of 25 layers of sediments getting older © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Sedimentary rocks 13 of 25 sandstone sandstone limestone chalk © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks show small crystals in layers (bands). Metamorphic rocks are hard and smooth. Examples of metamorphic rocks are slate and marble. 14 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metamorphic rock - formation Metamorphic rocks are formed by the effect of extreme pressures and temperatures deep within the Earth. This alters the structure of the existing rock. 15 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The formation of metamorphic rocks volcano sedimentary rocks are changed here due to heat and pressure. magma 16 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metamorphic rocks marble slate 17 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Metamorphic rocks Continent collision causes metamorphism and huge folds like this one in Scotland. 18 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Rock formation rocks are broken up by the action of weather volcano Igneous rocks basalt rises to surface where it cools rapidly rocks rise to surface by uplift and erosion sea Sedimentary rocks mudstone Igneous rocks granites slow solidification high pressure and temperature Metamorphic rocks slate and marble magma 19 of 25 transportation and deposition melt © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Rock cycle 20 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 C Chalk A Match the rocks with the correct label Basalt B D 21 of 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Put the following rocks in the correct column Metamorphic Sedimentary slate chalk sandstone 22 of 25 clay Igneous basalt marble shale granite limestone © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Make a simplified rock cycle rock is broken down (weathered) and transported into rivers pressure and heat 23 of 25 rock is uplifted rock is broken down (weathered) and transported into rivers © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Rock cycle rock is broken down (weathered) and transported into rivers pressure and heat rock is broken down (weathered) and transported into rivers 24 of 25 heat © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Identify these rocks A slate 25 of 25 B basalt C granite D chalk E sandstone © Boardworks Ltd 2003