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UNIT V: Golden Ages Byzantine Empire: Eastern part of the Roman Empire (after it fell) Location allowed them to control trade routes and build a strong economy – Constantinople Cultural diffusion Hagia Sophia Emperor Justinian –Justinian’s Code (laws) - “golden age” Islamic Empire: spread of Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula to northern Africa, Spain, central Asia and India “golden age” – advances in medicine, science, math, art, literature African Kingdoms: Importance of the trans-Saharan gold/salt trade, camels Ghana– matriarchal society Mali – Mansa Musa – adoption of Islam – Timbuktu (important capital city and center for learning) VOCABULARY Diocletian Constantine Justinian Justinian’s Code Cyrillic Alphabet Byzantine Empire Patriarch Icons Eastern Orthodox Church Schism Hagia Sophia Constantinople mosaic Theodora Islamic Empire Mohammad Mecca Allah Caliph Abu Bakr Prophet Shi’ite Golden Age of Islam Ghana Tribute Trans-Saharan trade (camels) Gold/salt Animism Matrilineal Patrilineal Religious freedom Shariah Koran/Qur’an House of Wisdom Islam/Muslim Ramadan Sunni Cordoba mosque People of the Book Five Pillars of Islam Four Rightly Guided Caliphs Umayyad Dynasty (Damascus) Abbasid Dynasty (Baghdad) Sufis West African Empires Mali Sundiata Mansa Musa (hajj) Timbuktu University of Sankore Ibn Battuta UNIT VI – Empires of East Asia Tang and Song Dynasties (China): expanded empire strong economy and foreign trade civil service exam “golden age” – canal system, calligraphy, porcelain Japan Mongols Feudalism – “centralized” feudalism Role of the shogun, samurai, farmers, artisans, merchants Bushido code Similarities/differences between European feudalism and Japanese feudalism Tokugawa shogunate Largest empire in the world – Four Khanates: China, Russia, Persia and Central Asia Pax Mongolia: kept trade safe between Asia and Europe along the Silk Roads Military expertise (horses) Rule of China Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan VOCABULARY Tang/Song China foot binding selective borrowing scholar-gentry Mongols pastorialist nomadic clan yurt steppe khanate Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan Marco Polo kamikaze tribute Japan Shinto (kami) clan samurai bushido Heian Period feudalism shogun Kamakura Shogunate UNIT VII: Middle Ages in Europe Dark Age – economic and political instability = few cultural achievements Factors that led to European “dark age” – fall of Rome, rise of feudalism Feudalism – strict social structure, based on relationships between social classes Manorialism – self-sufficient, traditional (barter) economy Role of the Roman Catholic Church – very powerful institution, had influence over both religious and secular areas of life Crusades – holy wars (failed), causes and long term effects - help to end the Middle Ages because they lead to increased trade, cultural diffusion, and economic growth, growth of towns and cities VOCABULARY Pope Leo III Roman Catholic Church monastery feudalism manorialism vassal fief lord sacraments manor oath of fealty chivalry troubadours Gothic Architecture Holy Roman Empire Excommuication Lay Investiture Franks Charlemagne Crusades secular tithe clergy canon law (church law) serf knight Gregorian Chants simony heretic Inquisition Pope Urban II Seljuk Turks Interdict UNIT VIII – Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Commercial revolution – re-emergence of capitalism, money-based economy, banking Renaissance o Golden age o Why did it begin in Italy? o Humanism, questioning authority, focus on secular issues, patrons Protestant Reformation o Where and why? o Martin Luther, 95 Theses, o Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism o Counter/Catholic Reformation – Council of Trent, Inquisition Scientific revolution – individuals and their accomplishments, connection to the Renaissance VOCABULARY spiritual secular Renaissance Italian city-states merchants and bankers middle class humanism Greco-Roman patron/patronage Renaissance Man/Renaissance Woman Machiavelli (The Prince) Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo William Shakespeare Johannes Gutenberg Erasmus John Wycliffe Jan Huss simony indulgences Johan Tetzel Martin Luther Ninety-five Theses Lutheranism The Protestant Reformation Salvation by faith alone Pope Leo X Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Frederick of Saxony excommunication schism Jesuits (Society of Jesus) anti-Semitism witch hunts Elizabethan settlement Index of Forbidden Books The Renaissance Andreas Vesalius Nicolaus Copernicus Albrecht Durer Elizabeth I Isabella I perspective (in paintings) classical Florence Petrarch Medici family vernacular Titian Raphael Miguel Cervantes printing press The Reformation Anabaptists King Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn English Reformation Anglican Church (Church of England) Queen Elizabeth I Mary Tudor Spanish Inquisition John Calvin predestination theocracy Counter-Reformation/Catholic Reformation Council of Trent (1545) Ignatius of Loyola Peasants' Revolt (1524) Peace of Augsburg (1555) Canonized Book of Common Prayer Diet of Worms