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☰ Search Explore Log in Create new account Upload × AH2 Ch. 20 (2011) 16th Century Art in Italy Humanism gives way to discovery. Literacy and travel increase. Ancient texts and contemporary books are published. Artists become more mobile. Popes regain the Papal States through diplomacy and force. Religious dissent leads to Protestantism. “Holy Romans” from Germany sack Rome in 1527 (a major blow to optimistic humanism). Artists’ status improves to “genius” level in Catholic and Protestant regions. 20- 3 Leonardo, The Last Supper, Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan, Italy, 1495-98, Tempera and oil on plaster, 15’2” x 28’10” L’uomo Universale The first Mass, Eucharist and the Judas prophesy Stable, symmetrical composition (turn of the 16th cent.) 20- 5 Leonardo, Mona Lisa, 1503-06 oil/panel 30.25” high Chiaroscuro, sfumato Enigmatic (like a puzzle) One of Leonardo’s personal favorite paintings, he willed it to the king of France 24 year-old Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo Fashion document: shaved hairline, plucked eyebrows A portrait of a specific real-life person (secular) P. 665 Leonardo, Vitruvian Man, c. 1490, ink on paper, 13.5” x 10”, from his notebook Reversed writing Humanist symbolism (superimposed circle on square) Vitruvius: 1st cent. BCE Roman Architect Height = Arm span, navel at center Addl. Leonardo, Madonna on the Rocks, o/c 1483-85, 48.5” high 20- 6 Raphael, School of Athens, fresco, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome 1510-11, 19’ x 27’ Christian humanism Located in the Pope’s Library Julius II was the papal patron Plato (L), Aristotle (R) Euclid, (R) is Bramante, Michelangelo is brooding Raphael is the only one looking at the viewer (us) Perspective, composition, space The "interior" is probably inspired by the new design for St. Peter's. 20- 9 Michelangelo, Pieta, from Old St. Peter's, c. 1500, 5' 8½" high, marble grew up in Florence, worked there and in Rome Studied Roman sculpture, Neoplatonism (also nature & masters) pieta (Virgin supporting and mourning dead Christ) 20-10 Michelangelo, David, 1501-04, marble 17’ high Made for the Florence town hall (Palazzo Vecchio) Carved from an 18' block "Il gigante" he thought the idea was "locked in the stone" Potential energy, Christian humanism, emotional symbolic, beauty = divinity (humanism) 20- 11, 12 and 13 Michelangelo (and others), Sistine Chapel Frescoes, (built 1475- 81, frescos: ceiling 1508-12, end wall 1536-41) The Last Judgement, The creation of Adam Christian redemptive cycle: birth, death, rebirth in heaven sin & forgiveness almost 6000 sq. ft. by Michelangelo -----------------------------------------------------Art of the Western World – The High Renaissance Video Part I ends and part 2 begins here (Program 4) http://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html?pop=yes&vodid=429878&pid=231 -----------------------------------------------------p. 651 » Old St. Peters, 4th Cent. Bramante, Plan for New St. Peter's, 1506 Michelangelo, Plan for New St. Peter's, 1546-64 Maderno, Plan for New St. Peter's, 1607-12 Addl. Renaissance palace façade & courtyard, 1517-50 Palazzo Farnese, Rome 20-21 Giorgione, The Tempest, Venice, 1506, o/c. 32" high He introduced an appreciation of nature to Venetian painting. “maternal” not “erotic” nudity The landscapes dominates the painted surface. Enigmatic, German mercenary?, woman breast feeding?, bad weather? Giorgione died from the plague. 20- 22 Titian & Giorgione, The Pastoral Concert, o/c, c. 1510, 41.25” high Idyllic, fertile landscape (as in The Tempest) A mythic world The aristocratic musician in red silks and the barefoot peasant man both ignore the sensual women. Evocative of Roman pastoral poetry (nothing happens) – new to Art History Profoundly influential on later painters 20- 23 Titian, Pesaro Madonna, 151926, oil on canvas (o/c), 16’ × 8'10" Official painter to Venetian Republic after Bellini's death in 1516 Asymmetrical and dynamic, "public relations" Flag w/ "arms" of the pope and the Pesaros A Turkish captive reminds us of the Christian victory, Jacopo Pesaro commanded the Papal fleet Pesaro family members at the lower right Trompe l’oeil illusion, Christian humanism Addl. Michelangelo, Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, c. 1538-64 substitute: Façade of Palazzo de Conservatori, Capitoline Hill - an urban-renewal project patronized by Pope Paul III - segmental pediments, pilasters, statuary, engaged columns, giant order columns, star designed piazza 20- 32 Benevenuto Cellini, Saltcellar of Francis I, 1540-43, Gold with enamel, 10¼" high - A Florentine in Fountainbleau - Francis I (King of France) was the greatest French patron of Italian artists - Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) was his brother-in-law 20-36 Vignola & della Porta, Façade of Il Gesù, c. 1573-84 - Ignatius Loyola's capitol of the Jesuits (Catholic Missionaries) - Classically inspired with new verticality and centrality - Seminal design for the next century - paired "colossal" pilasters tie the two stories together (verticality) - part of the counter-reformation program of church building The Reformation (a Christian schism, or split, of Western European Christianity) - denied the Pope's authority and challenged church teaching - many powerful rulers supported the Reformation - Early reformers were themselves Catholic priests: Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin Luther in Germany Luther discounted the seven sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction or Anointing of the Sick, the Holy Orders, Matrimony, and the Last Things). He said faith alone is all you need to get to heaven (salvation). - Protestantism prevailed in northern Europe - Lots of religious art was destroyed by Protestant hands. - Protestants still used music, however! - The Catholic "Council of Trent" (1545-63) begins the "counterreformation" (art to be used, but scrutinized!) 20-26 Pontormo, Entombment, 1525-28, o/p, 10' 3" high altarpiece, Capponi Chapel, Church of Santa Felicità, Florence Mannerism = virtuous, sophisticated, elegant compositions, distorted conventions, irrational space and scale, elongations, exaggerations, enigmatic gestures, erotic images, unusual colors,strange secondary symbolism and lots of flesh 20- 27 Parmigianino, Madonna with the Long Neck, c. 1534-40, o/p, 7' 1" high - part of the Counter-Reformation art program The printing press and movable type fueled the Reformation! 20- 16 Donato Bramante, Tempietto, Rome 1502-10, dome & lantern redone 17th cent. Commissioned by Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain to mark St. Peter's place of crucifixion, inspired by Vitruvius and Alberti Page 671 Veronese, Feast in the House of Levi, Dominican Monastery, Venice, 1573, o/c, 18' 3" high - Great illusion, originally a last supper scene - he was forced to change the image's details - he changed its name unprecedented artistic license 20- 37 Jacopo Tintoretto, The Last Supper,1592-94, o/c, Giorgio San Maggione, Venice, 12' high - night scene, artificial and divine light - anecdotal, phantasmagoric, genre scene (Venetian banquet) - draws us in - collaborative workshop production of paintings - he used small scale wax figures & "stage" as a model 20- 40 Palladio, Villa Rotunda (Capra), Vicenza Italy, begun 1560s - based on the Roman Pantheon - a country villa (retreat) - geometric clarity - circle in a square: humanist symbol - he wrote "Four Books on Architecture" his theories are seminal - Thomas Jefferson's favorite! (hence the US Federal style) - Palladian windows - Have you heard of them? 20-41 Plan c.1550, His writings were collected widely by 18th century educated people. Thomas Jefferson (c. 1770) had one of the first copies in America. He was a fan of Palladio’s theories. Download 1. History 2. European History 3. Renaissance (1330-1550) AH2 2011 Ch. 20 notes (06-10-11).doc BC High Varsity Ultimate 2014 The 17 young men of the 201 4 UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY Magnifico Rettore, 1/3 of the images - Collierville High School Functional localization of the cerebral cortex ECON 201 - Western New Mexico University ECON 201 10074 - Western New Mexico University Lecture 5 -- Chap 2 - Limbic System Biking Northern Italy-Switzerland Lakes Region June 24 – July 2, 2011 Mannerism PDF studylib © 2017 DMCA Report