Download Terms, Names, and Battles

I. Terms & Names: Answer on notebook paper
1. Ft. Fisher : confederate fort made of earth and sand that had dozens of large guns to keep Union ships at a distance.
Helped Confederate ships from Wilmington get through Union blockade; one of the only places where cotton could be
exported and goods imported
2. submarines: early use of these under-water war ships
started during the Civil War. The Hunley succeeded in sinking the Union ship Housatonic.
3. Anaconda Plan: Union war strategy where they planned to blockade southern waters to stop trade and capture
important ports. NC’s captured port cities were New Bern, Roanoke, and Plymouth
4. King Cotton : Confederate economic war strategy that attempted to withhold the sale of cotton to the north and
establish exclusive trade relations with Europe. Anticipated support from England and France due to their need for
cotton and a decline in the northern manufacturing economy from their inability to get it.
5. Blockade: Union ships anchored along the Confederate coastline of Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico to block southern
states from trading with foreign countries.
6. Blockade runners: southern citizens/confederates that used personal boats to sneak past the Union blockade and
trade goods in British ports in the Bahamas to support the confederate economy and bring in food and supplies for its
people.
7. Cooners: simple ships made of dugout cypress logs. Used mostly by African Americans to guide Union soldiers,
retrieve enslaved relatives and scout Confederate positions
8. Ironclads: An ironclad was a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates.
Confederate forces used the ironclad, the Albemarle to retake Plymouth.
9. Mosquito gunboats: small, fast gunboats that intercepted Union trading ships and took their cargo.
10. subjugation : forced control by others
Names
Identify role in war and the side they took (Confederacy, Union or Neutral)
-Robert E. Lee: General that commanded Confederate troops
-Matthew Brady: photographer that took pictures of the Civil War soldiers, battles, and devastation.
-Ulysses S. Grant : General that commanded Union troops
-Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States of America
- John Ellis: secessionist that was outraged by Lincoln’s action in trying to get control of Ft. Sumter. Seized federal forts and
arsenals within the state & took over the Charlotte mint to make Confederate money.
-Abraham Lincoln: President of the Union; commanded 23 states.
II. Battles: Complete the chart below:
Battle
Events of Battle
Outcome of Battle
Ft. Sumter
Date:
April 12, 1861
-Lincoln sent troops to SC to supply
the fort and show that the Union still
controlled it.
-Confederates in SC opened fire and
the battle lasted for 34 hours.
-April 14, 1861 Union troops
surrendered and Lincoln called for
loyal states to give control of their
state militias to the Union Army.
Manassas
Date:
May 21, 1861
-Occurred in northern VA; Confederate army &
Union forces battled
-Shocked the country because sightseers came
to watch the battle, confident of a quick Union
victory.
-Confederate victory
-5000 wounded or killed
Significance of
Battle
First battle of the Civil
War; prompted NC,
AR, and TN to secede
and join the
Confederate States of
America.
-Showed the nation
that the Civil War was
not going to be an
easy win. It would be
a long and bitter fight.
-Union soldiers charged Confederate defenses
until more Confederate troops arrived.
-Union reinforcements could not get there due to
sightseers blocking the roads to Washington,
D.C. for hours.
-60,000 troops took part in the battle
III. Military Resources: Complete the chart below:
Advantages of the North
Population of 22 million
110,000 factories to produce war materials
22,000 miles of railroad to transport supplies and
soldiers.
A strong naval power that could blockade Southern
ports.
More land to grow food crops
Since most of the battles were fought in the South,
the North’s land, civilians, and resources were
protected.
Economy was in better shape to pay for the war.
Strong military tactics.
Strong central government.
Disadvantages of the North
To win the war, the North had to attack the South.
The North still had the border states but had to work
hard to keep their loyalty.
Since most of the battles were fought in the South,
Northern soldiers were unfamiliar with the land.
Fewer experienced military leaders.
Since most soldiers came from urban areas, they
weren’t experienced with guns and with living off
the land at the beginning of the war.
Advantages of the South
Since the South had seceded, to win the war it only had
to defend itself. It didn’t have to attack.
Southerners had great fighting spirit. They believed
deeply in their cause and their right to secede.
Since most of the battles were fought in the South,
Southerners were on their own familiar territory.
Many confederate sympathizers in the border states
Many more experienced military leaders than the North.
More adapted to rough, outdoor living. Since
Southerners mostly farmed, they knew how to shoot
guns and live off the land.
Disadvantages of the South
Population of only 9 million, 3.5 million of which were
slaves.
Only 18,000 factories to produce war materials.
Only 9,000 miles of railroad to transport supplies and
soldiers.
Most of the land was used to produce cash crops, not
food crops.
Since most of the battles were fought in the South,
much of the land and resources were destroyed.
The Union blockade made it difficult to get supplies
from overseas.
Weak central government.
1. Why was Virginia the scene for so much of the fighting in the early years of the war?
Virginia was located along the border of the Union and Confederate states. It was also next to the border states of
Maryland and Delaware. Both the Union and Confederacy saw Virginia as one of the most important states to gain
control of: Virginia had the capitals of both the Union and Confederacy (control capital/better control of enemy) &
was the most populated Confederate state (Confederates needed for army/economy/supplies; Union wanted for
political power and controlling it would cripple the south).
2. Explain the importance of the Border States to the Confederacy and the Union. Include economic,
trade/transportation, population, and strategic value in your response. See chart from “Value of Border States”