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KING SAUD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT CSC 361: Artificial Intelligence Dr. Mohamed El Bachir Menaï Mid Term 1 Exam Spring 2008 Date: May 31, 2008 Time: 170:00 – 19:00 Student name: ………………………………………………………………….. ID#: ……………………. Note: Please answer each question in the space provided below it. Use also the back of this sheet for answers. I Constraint Satisfaction Problems 1. [5 pts.] You are going on a backpacking trip and you are deciding on what food to bring. You bought n pieces of food. Each piece of food xi has a certain volume vi, a certain weight wi, and a certain number of calories ci. You can only carry a weight of at most W and your backpack holds at most a volume V. To not go hungry, you need at least C calories. You want to find out whether there is a selection of food that you can carry, that fits your backpack, and that has enough calories. Write this as a constraint satisfaction problem. The constraint language contains ,,, , , , Be sure to explain the variables and their domains. x1 ,..., x n 0,1n n C1 : x v C2 : x w i 1 V i i n i 1 i n C3 : x c i 1 i i i W C 1/4 KING SAUD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT CSC 361: Artificial Intelligence Dr. Mohamed El Bachir Menaï Mid Term 1 Exam Spring 2008 Date: May 31, 2008 Time: 170:00 – 19:00 Student name: ………………………………………………………………….. ID#: ……………………. Note: Please answer each question in the space provided below it. Use also the back of this sheet for answers. 2. [5 pts.] Consider a constraint satisfaction problem in which you have to find a value assignment for a set of variables restricted by a set of constraints. There are six boolean variables corresponding to the place and time that a class will take place namely: in W Hall, in-wh, in H Hall, in-hh, and in the College of Computer and Information Sciences, in-ccis, and at 10am or 8am in different days, at-10amMWF, at-10amTTh, and at-8am. There are seven constraints listed below given to the problem solver. (M: Monday, T: Tuesday, Th: Thursday, W: Wednesday, F: Friday) 1. at-10amMWF at-10amTTh at-8am 2. ¬at-10amMWF in-ccis in-hh 3. ¬at-10amTTh in-hh 4. ¬in-ccis ¬in-wh 5. ¬in-ccis ¬in-hh 6. ¬in-hh ¬in-wh 7. in-wh a. State in English the meaning of the constraint number 2 in the form of an if-then statement. If the class is at 10am on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, then the class is in the College of Computer and Information Sciences or in H Hall. b. Apply the Backtracking Search with the Forward Checking to solve the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (find a truth assignment for all the six variables). The satisfying assignment has in-wh and at-8am set to true and all other variables set to false. 2/4 KING SAUD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT CSC 361: Artificial Intelligence Dr. Mohamed El Bachir Menaï Mid Term 1 Exam Spring 2008 Date: May 31, 2008 Time: 170:00 – 19:00 Student name: ………………………………………………………………….. ID#: ……………………. Note: Please answer each question in the space provided below it. Use also the back of this sheet for answers. II KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 1. [4 pts.] Let G(x), F(x), Z(x), and M(x) be the statements: “x is a giraffe”, “x is 15 feet or higher”, “x is animal in this zoo”, and “x belongs to me”, respectively. Express each of the following statements in First-Order Logic using G(x), F(x), Z(x), and M(x). (a) Nothing, except giraffes, can be 15 feet or higher; (b) There is no animal in this zoo that does not belong to me; (c) I have no animals less than 15 feet high. (d) All animals in this zoo are giraffes. Possible translations are: xG x F x OR xF x G x xZ x M x OR xZ x M x xM x F x xZ x G x 2. [3 pts.] Use resolution to show that D can be inferred from the following knowledge base: ¬A ¬B C A D B ¬C (a) resolve(A D,¬D) = A (b) resolve(A,¬A ¬B C) = ¬B C (c) resolve(¬B C,B) = C (d) resolve(C,¬C) = ; which shows that the knowledge base is unsatisfiable, so we can infer D. 3/4 KING SAUD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT CSC 361: Artificial Intelligence Dr. Mohamed El Bachir Menaï Mid Term 1 Exam Spring 2008 Date: May 31, 2008 Time: 170:00 – 19:00 Student name: ………………………………………………………………….. ID#: ……………………. Note: Please answer each question in the space provided below it. Use also the back of this sheet for answers. 3. [3 pts.] a) Represent the following knowledge in a semantic network: Dogs are Mammals; Birds have Wings Mammals are Animals; Bats have Wings Birds are Animals; Bats are Mammals Fish are Animals; Dogs chase Cats Worms are Animals; Cats eat Fish Cats are Mammals; Birds eat Worms Cats have Fur Fish eat Worms Dogs have Fur (b) Suppose you learn that Tom is a cat. What additional knowledge about Tom can be derived from your representation? Explain how. 4/4