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Lecture 04: Ancient Greece Early Greek History (2000 to 500 BC) The Rise and Fall of Ancient Heroes The Greek Peninsula The Minoans Economic Power Religious Ritual Minoan Destruction Mycenaean Civilization Trade Violence and Disruption From “Dark Ages” to Colonies Heroic Values Preserved Phonetic Alphabet Homer Hesiod The Family of the Gods Oracles Worship of Dionysus Impact of Religious Ideas Studying the Material World Thales and Democritus Pythagoras Practical Applications Fears of Impiety Life in the Greek Poleis, 700-749 B.C. The Invention of Politics Tyrants City-States The Heart of the Polis Men’s and Women’s Roles Slave Labor Fears and Attachments in Greek Emotional Life Bisexual Relations Sappho of Lesbos Courtesans Athens: City of Democracy Oligarchy Solon’s Reforms Increased Democracy Tyranny Assessing Democracy Ostracism Sparta: Model Military State Spartan Life The Love of the Contest: Olympic Games Olympic Games Women at Olympics Classical Greece and Imperial Athens Imperial Athens, 489-431 B.C. The Persian Wars Battle of Marathon A Second Invasion Thermopylae Greek Naval Victory Herodotus: The Father of History Greek vs. “barbarians” Athens Builds an Empire Delian League Pericles Pericles’ democracy Artistic Athens Greek Theater: Exploring Complex moral Problems Aeschylus and Sophocles Destruction, Disillusion, and a Search for Meaning The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C. Melos Destroyed Athens Loses The Peloponnesian War Philosophical Musings: Athens Contemplates Defeat Socrates Plato Aristotle Tragedy and Comedy: Innovations in Greek Theater Euripides Aristophanes Hippocrates and Medicine The Aftermath of War, 404-338 B.C. Power Struggles