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John Corrigan, et. al. Jews, Christians, Muslims Chapter 9 Authority in Islam Be able to discuss briefly the following terms. umma qibla Shariá Kaa’ba Hadith Wahhabis rihla ‘Ullama The Way of Eloquence fatwa Sunna (see p. 71) mufti Hijra khalifa (caliph) Imam (in Shiite belief) Ayatollah Quraysh Rightly Guided Caliphs madhab ijtihad Be able to identify the importance of the following individuals and know the half century in which they worked or died.. al-Bukhari and al-Hajjaj Ali Abu-Bakhr and Umar Fatima Hasan Husayn Be able to answer the following questions. What is meant by the concept of Muslims being the “mid-most nation” ? How does Islam distinguish in theory between religious law and secular law? After Muhammad, who is the principal figure revered by Shiite Muslims? What does the quoted hadith say about divorce? How does the text define jihad? What different methods of calling to prayer were considered? What method was chosen? Why were the others rejected? Do Muslims believe that Muhammad was closer to Moses or Jesus? Why The Hijra was the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. With what Biblical event do Muslims compare it? Though traditional Islam considers Muhammad to be fully human, some heterodox beliefs about Muhammad surfaced in some circles. Which beliefs? To which other religious founder do these beliefs implicitly compare Muhammad? Besides believe in Allah and Muhammad as his prophet, what is the additional element of Islam that constitutes the bare minimum for a person or group to be considered Muslim? Muslim Shari’a is best compared to the Jewish ______. Are the Muslim ‘Ulama more like Catholic priests or Jewish rabbis? Why? What was the basic disagreement that brought into existence a division between Sunni and Shiite? What is the role of the Imam in Shiite belief? Who is the “Hidden Imam” and what is his role in Shiite life? In which country is the Hidden Imam’s influence believed to be strongest. To which Arabian tribe did Muhammad belong? Who were the Ummayads and Abbasids and where did each establish their sear of power? How did succession of leadership among Sunnis differ from the system used by Shiites. Who stood at the side of the Baghdad Caliph during public audiences? What did visitors have to bring with them? What is the most common definition of “imam” with a lower case “i” in Sunni Islam? How does this definition differ from the Shiite definition of Imam. Shafi’i, Hanbali, Maliki and Hanafi all refer to _________. The most puritanical and conservative one is the _______, which dominates in _____. What happened in 1258 to reduce the importance of the Caliphate? When and where did the Muslim Caliphate finally die? What percentage of Muslims today are Sunni and Shiite respectively? In what way are they similar? On what are their differences based? The two groups differ in respect to their attitudes toward their religious leaders. What is the major difference? The text points out that Sunni and Shiite Muslims have much more religious unity today than Christians or Jews. But there is also much more lethal conflict between Sunni and Shia than with Christianity or Judaism. What is meant by the “lesser” and “greater” jihads?