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South Pasadena  Physics
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First Semester Final Exam
SEMESTER
I can…
1-About Science
explain why physics is the basic science.
state the fundamental units in the metric
system and give concrete examples of the
most common measurements.
demonstrate that mathematics is an important
tool for describing physics.
use dimensional analysis to convert on e
metric unit into another, such as kilometers to
meters or milligrams to grams.
state the steps of The Scientific Method.
correctly use the terms scientific fact,
hypothesis, theory, and scientific law.
explain the statement, “A hypothesis that has
no test for its possible wrongness is outside
the domain of science.”
make the distinction between science (a way
STUDY
LIST
determine the speed of an object from the
graph of distance vs. time (speed is the slope
of the line).
determine the acceleration of an object from
the graph of speed vs. time (acceleration is the
slope of the line).
use these formula correctly:
v = d/t
a = v/t
v = gt
d = ½ gt2
d = vt
free fall velocity
free fall distance
3-Projectile Motion
explain that a quantity that requires direction
as well as magnitude is a vector (e.g. velocity,
acceleration, and momentum).
draw the resultant of any two vectors.
of knowing) and technology (a way of doing).
explain how science differs from religion.
2-Linear Motion
explain that motion is always measured
relative to some fixed point.
calculate the speed of an object by dividing
the distance covered by time.
explain the difference between speed and
velocity using the idea of vectors and scalars.
calculate the acceleration of an object by
dividing the speed change by time.
state that acceleration due to gravity is about
10 meters per second per second (9.8 m/s2).
describe the fall of free objects noting that
they cover more distance as they fall
calculate the speed of an object as if freefalls.
calculate the distance an object falls at any
time.
draw the horizontal and vertical components
that make up any vector.
calculate the magnitude of component vectors
using trigonometry.
describe horizontal motion as non-accelerated
motion.
describe vertical motion as freefall motion.
describe the curved path of a projectile using
the motion of an object in freefall for the
vertical component and the motion of an
object moving in a straight line for the
horizontal component.
explain that upwardly launched projectiles
slow down and cover less distance as they
move.
calculate the vertical motion of a projectile
launched at an angle by combining the motion
of the object in a straight line with the object’s
freefall motion.
demonstrate that net force is the combination
of all forces acting on an object.
draw a diagram showing forces and net force
on an object.
use Force, mass, and acceleration to illustrate
the ideas of “directly proportional” and
“inversely proportional”.
state the relationship between Newtons (N),
kilograms (kg), and acceleration (m/s2).
state the two situations where acceleration is
zero (standing still & moving at a constant
speed in a straight line) and relate these
situations to net force (zero net force).
4-Newton’s First Law
 state Newton’s first law of motion as “an
show the tension (force) in a rope (or ropes)
when someone hangs from them.
object at rest will stay at rest (and an object
in motion will remain in motion) unless
acted upon by a net force.”
 define inertia (mass) as the tendency an
object has to resist change in its motion.
 explain the difference between mass (kg)
and weight (Newtons).
 state that 1 kg has a weight of about 10 N.
5-Newton’s Second Law
state Newton’s Second Law in word form and
formula form

state that the acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force
acting on it.

state that the acceleration of an object is
inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.

state that acceleration equals net force
state that when an object moves with constant
velocity while an applied force acts on it, an
equal and opposite force, usually friction,
must also act to balance the applied force.
state that pressure is an applied force over an
area (P=F/A).
explain why the acceleration of all objects in
free fall is the same, regardless of their mass.
(See page 67)
divided by mass, a = F/m.

state that a force is a push or pull.
6-Newton’s Third Law
state Newton’s Third Law in word form. For
every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
cite examples that interacting things exert a
force on each other.
define an interaction as a combination of an
action force and a reaction force.
state that action and reaction forces are equal
in strength and opposite in direction.
state that impulse is a change in momentum
caused by a force acting for some time.
calculate impulse as force x time, so
impulse = Ft
and
Ft = (mv)
apply the idea of impulse to real situations
such as air bags and dropping dishes on a
carpet rather than a hard floor.
explain why bouncing increases the v and
therefore the impulse and mv.
solve problems using the idea of conservation
of momentum. mv = mv.
draw a diagram showing action and reaction
forces.
state that action and reaction forces act on
different objects (as opposed to balanced
forces that act on the same object).
explain the idea that you cannot touch without
being touched.
explain why when you kick a soccer ball, the
apply the conservation of momentum to
situations involving elastic collisions, inelastic
collisions, as well as explosions.
soccer ball pushes back, but the soccer ball
moves and you do not. (a=F/m)
explain scale problems in terms of action and
reaction. (Scale reads 100 N).
show that momentum is another vector
quantity by demonstrating its direction as well
as magnitude.
8-Energy
 calculate work as force x distance; w = Fd
 state that work (and energy) is measured in
7-Momentum
state that momentum is “inertia in motion”
and is calculated by momentum = mv.
Joules, J.
 state that power is work/time and is
measured in watts (joules/s)
 define the two forms of mechanical energy,
kinetic energy (energy of motion) and
potential energy (energy of position). These
two can be exchanged for one another.
 explain that gravitational potential energy
comes from doing work (Fd) on an object
against the force of gravity. PE = Fd = mgh
 calculate kinetic energy using the formula:
KE = ½ mv
2
 determine the mechanical advantage of an
inclined plane using the distance traveled.
 explain that work causes changes in KE so
Fd = ½ mv2
 explain that energy is conserved but may be
converted from KE to PE.
 calculate efficiency as
work output / work input.
 explain that stopping a car requires work
equal to the KE of the moving car. Since
KE depends on the velocity squared, a car
moving twice as fast requires four times the
distance to stop. Work = friction force x d.
9-Circular Motion
give examples of an axis.
explain that rotating and revolving are both
examples of circular motion but differ in the
position of the axis and the object.
give two examples each of an object that
rotates and an object that revolves.
 explain that machines make work easier.
The work input = work output, but the force
input does not need to equal the force
output.
d = Fd
F
 calculate the mechanical advantage of a
simple machine using the formula:
Force output / Force input or
distance input / distance output.
 identify the forces and distances on both
explain that rotational speed (angular speed)
is the number of rotations or revolutions per
unit of time (e.g., RPMs) and is symbolized
by “omega”, .
eescribe the motion of an object twirled on a
string if the string were suddenly cut. (The
term “tangential” should be used.)
explain that an object moving in a circle is
accelerating and therefore is being acted on by
a force (i.e., F = ma or a = F/m). This force is
called the centripetal force.
sides of the fulcrum
 determine the mechanical advantage of a
pulley system by measuring the number of
ropes supporting the load (below: 1, 2, & 2).
explain that if you were inside the rotating
frame of reference, you would feel a force
pushing you toward the outside of the circle.
This is a “false force” called centrifugal
force that can simulate gravity.
define linear speed (tangential speed) as the
distance moved per unit of time (m/s).
Sometimes the pulley simply changes the
direction of the force to make things easier.
use the formula circumference = 2r (where
r = radius) to convert rotational speed into
linear speed.
explain how two objects on a rotating
platform can have the same rotational speed,
but different linear speeds.
prove that an object twice as far from the axis
of rotation will have twice as much linear
speed.