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GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 1 (a) work done = force distance moved 50 10 2.5 = 1250 J/Joules 1 1 1 (b) (i) Mike 1750 Jeff 1500 1 1 Jeff 1 (ii) (iii) Mike 1 (c) force = work done distance moved 1 1750 / 2 = 875N 875 / 10 87.5 kg 1 1 1 (Marks will be awarded for the calculation even if the work done by Mike was wrongly calculated in b(i)) TOTAL / 11 QUESTIONSHEET 2 (a) work done = force distance moved 650 500 = 325 KJ/ 325,000 J 1 1 1 (b) 500 500 = 25 000 J 250 000 / 2000 = 125 W/watts 1 1 1 (c) 650 500 = 325 000 J 325 000 / 5000 = 65 W/watts 125 – 65 = 60 W/watts 1 1 1 1 Note: Do not deduct further marks if incorrect answer from b) is used correctly in subsequent calculations. TOTAL / 10 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 3 (a) (i) converted to/becomes/changes to kinetic energy. (ii) 1 x 45 = 45 kJ/45,000 J (b) velocity = kinetic energy 0.5 mass 1000 / 10 = 100 kg 4500 0.5 10 = 30 ms-1 v= (c) work done = gain in potential energy = 45 kJ/45,000 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 9 QUESTIONSHEET 4 (a) 120 10 = 1200 J/1.2 kJ 1 1 (b) 120 5 = 600 J 1 1 600 100 1200 = 50% 1 (ii) friction in wheels 1 (iii) oil wheels 1 (c) (i) 1 TOTAL / 8 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 5 (a) energy efficient bulb: 20 / 21 100 = 95% 1 1 standard bulb: 100 / 180 100 = 20% 1 1 fluorescent strip: 20 / 28 100 = 60% 1 1 (b) (i) standard bulb (ii) lost as heat (c) use less electricity for the same light output last longer so less resources used in a given time 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 10 QUESTIONSHEET 6 (a) KE = ½ m v2 = ½ 5000 32 = 22500 J 1 1 1 (b) 3 / 5 = 0.6 m/s 1 1 (c) ½ 25 000 0.62 = 4500 J 1 1 (d) (i) 1 22 500 - 4 500 = 18 000 J (ii) converted to heat and sound 1 1 TOTAL / 10 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 7 (a) Watts 1 (b) one Watt = one Joule per second 1 (c) energy = force distance = 80 10 30 = 24 000 J 1 1 1 (d) Power = energy / time = 24 000 / 15 = 1600 W or 1.6 kW 1 1 1 TOTAL / 8 QUESTIONSHEET 8 (a) 55 10 = 550 N (b) (i) energy = force distance = 3.5 550 = 1925 J (ii) 1925 J 1 1 1 1 1 (c) v2 = u2 + 2as 0 = 122 + 2 -10 x s s = 144 / 20 = 7.2 m 1 1 1 1 (d) 900 / 3 = 300 W 1 1 TOTAL / 11 QUESTIONSHEET 9 (a) (i) 30 10 3 = 900 J/joules 1 1 (b) 900 J/joules 1 (c) (1) muscles of the man/food man has eaten/ chemical energy in food 1 (2) lift motor 1 TOTAL / 5 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 10 (a) (i) 600 kJ/600,000 J (ii) 3.6 MJ/3,600 kJ 1 1 (b) energy of light bulb = 1 500 000 W time = energy transferred / power 4 h 10 min/250 min 1 1 1 (c) (i) 1 electrical to heat energy (ii) electrical to heat and light energy 1 (iii) electrical to heat and movement/kinetic energy 1 TOTAL / 8 QUESTIONSHEET 11 (a) (i) potential energy to kinetic energy 1 (ii) kinetic energy to sound and kinetic energy 1 (iii) kinetic energy to potential energy 1 (b) (i) 300 / 1000 10 = 0.3 1.8 = 0.54 J (ii) potential energy has become kinetic energy at the instant it hits the ground 0.54 = 0.5 0.3 = 6 ms-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 9 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 12 (a) using work done = force distance moved 430 4/4 = 430 W (Lucy) 450 4/6 = 300 W (Carol) 1 1 1 (b) Lucy 1 (c) her muscles 1 (d) Carol She would do the most work as she was the heaviest/ had greatest weight 1 1 TOTAL / 7 QUESTIONSHEET 13 (a) supplied as part of nature/generated in a way that the Earth’s resources not used up. 1 (b) (i) 1 200 (ii) Wind does not blow all the time. (c) (i) rearranging equation 5 3300 60 = 990,000 M J (ii) 495,000 MJ 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 7 QUESTIONSHEET 14 (a) Joule (b) (i) energy = force distance 0.3 10 0.5 1.5 J 1 1 1 1 (ii) 1.5 J 1 (iii) 0.3 10 3N 1 1 TOTAL / 7 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 15 (a) (i) No loss of kinetic energy (ii) lose energy as heat and sound 1 1 1 (b) (Two from) air bag - absorbs kinetic energy of driver crumple zone – absorbs KE of car seat belt – exerts force to stop driver 4 KE = ½ m v2 = ½ 2000 152 = 225 000 J or 225 kJ 1 1 1 (ii) Force = energy / distance = 225 000 / 30 = 7500 N 1 1 1 (c) (i) TOTAL / 13 QUESTIONSHEET 16 (a) (i) chemical electrical kinetic 1 1 1 (ii) work done = force x distance = 3 1 = 3J 1 1 (iii) Power = energy / time = 3 / 10 = 0.3 W 1 1 (b) (i) potential kinetic electrical heat & light (ii) KE = ½ m v2 = ½ 1 22 (c) chemical heat kinetic 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 17 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 17 (a) heat and light (either order) 2 (b) chemical sound 1 1 (c) kinetic and sound (either order) 2 (d) heat and light (either order) 2 TOTAL / 8 QUESTIONSHEET 18 (a) Six from kinetic, potential, electrical, heat, light, sound, chemical, nuclear (b) (i) 6 Newton metre 1 1 (ii) conservation changed created destroyed 1 1 1 1 TOTAL / 12 GCSE PHYSICS ENERGY ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 19 (a) too much emphasis on nuclear energy not enough spent on renewable sources 1 1 (b) secondary source of energy made from the others 1 1 (c) gas oil 1 1 TOTAL / 6 QUESTIONSHEET 20 (a) (i) the sun 1 (ii) photosynthesis produces glucose / sugar which stores energy 1 1 (iii) plants die subjected to high temperatures and pressures over millions of years 1 1 1 (b) (i) A 1 (ii) C 1 TOTAL / 8