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Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________ therefore +3 each. nitrogen(III) oxide 7. a. Carbon is +4 and each oxygen is 2. b. Carbon is 4 and each hydrogen is +1. c. Each carbon is 0, each hydrogen is +1, and each oxygen is 2. d. Each carbon is 8/3 and each hydrogen is +1. 8. a. Each iron is +3 and each oxygen is 2. b. Nitrogen is +4 and each oxygen is 2. c. Chromium is +4 and each oxygen is 2. SHORT ANSWER SECTION 3 Chapter 8 SECTION 1 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. a. b. c. d. e. SHORT ANSWER 1. a. True b. False c. True 2. 10 mol of calcium, 20 mol of nitrogen, 60 mol of oxygen 3. a. 0.250 mol b. 1.50 1023 molecules c. 4.51 1023 carbon atoms d. 10.1% 4. a. 52.9% b. 2100 lb 5. a. 20 g b. 0.17 mol c. 4.0 mol CuCO3 Na2SO3 (NH4)3PO4 SnS2 HNO2 magnesium perchlorate iron(II) nitrate iron(III) nitrite cobalt(II) oxide nitrogen(V) oxide SHORT ANSWER 1. (a) d (b) a (c) b (d) f (e) e (f) c 2. 8,4,9 3. a. 12 atoms b. 16 atoms c. 51 atoms d. 3 1024 atoms 4. 2Al(s) + 3CuF2(aq) 2AlF3(aq) + 3Cu(s) 5. NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Section 4 6. a. 2NaHCO 3 (s) Na 2 CO 3 (s) H 2O( g ) CO 2 ( g ) SHORT ANSWER 1. a. CH3O2 b. N2O5 c. HgCl d. CH2 2. C4H8 3. a. Na2S2O3 b. neither 4. a. 36 b. 5 c. The second heating is to ensure that all the water in the sample has been driven off. If the mass is less after the second heating, water was still present after the first |heating. 5. a. CF2 b. C4F8 6. a. CuClO3 b. copper(I) chlorate b. When solid sodium hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) is heated, it decomposes into solid sodium carbonate while releasing carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. 7. It is balanced but incorrect. In two of the formulas the subscripts were changed, which changed the compounds involved. Water is not H3O, and sodium hydroxide is not Na2OH. The correct balanced equation is 2NaOH + H2S Na2S + 2H2O. 8. a 30 mol b. 40 mol Section 2 SHORT ANSWER 1. a. c MIXED REVIEW b. d Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Chemistry 209 Reaction Energy Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________ c. b 2. 3. 4. 5. electron less tightly, making it more d. a c a b a. its separate elements reactive. 6. Gold has a low reactivity and therefore does not corrode over time. 7. In single-displacement reactions, if the activity of the free element is greater than that of the element in the compound, the reaction will take place. 8. Yes; because aluminum is above copper in the activity series, aluminum metal will replace copper in copper(II) nitrate. 2Al(s) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3Cu(s) b. metal oxide + water c. metal oxide + carbon dioxide d. water + sulfur dioxide 6. CO2, H2O 7. a. single-displacement; Cl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) I2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) b. synthesis; 3Mg(s) + N2(g) Mg3N2(s) c. double-displacement; Co(NO3)2(aq) + MIXED REVIEW H2S(aq) + CoS(s) + 2HNO3(aq) SHORT ANSWER d. combustion; C2H5OH(aq) + 3O2(g) 1. b 2. d 3. a. double-displacement; 3Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) 8. a. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 2Na3PO4(aq) b. 2.0 mol Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq) c. 2.5 mol b. synthesis; 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s) 9. a. BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) BaCO3(s) + c. no reaction d. combustion; C3H4(g) + 4O2(g) 2NaCl(aq) 3CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) b. double-displacement 10. 2Al2O3(l) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) e. decomposition; 2KCl(l) 2K(s) + Cl2(g) SECTION 3 4. a. When liquid dimethylhydrazine is mixed with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, the SHORT ANSWER 1. Choose from Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Sb, Bi, and Hg. 2. Fe forms an oxide in nature, and Ag does not, because it is much less active. 3. a. F2 products are nitrogen gas, water vapor, and gaseous carbon dioxide, along with energy in the form of heat. b. (CH3)2N2H2 (l) + 2N2O4(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + 2CO2(g) 5. Wording and strategies will vary. First, place one chip of Y into XCl2(aq) and another into ZCl2(aq). If Y reacts with one solution but not the other, the activity series can be established. If Y replaces X but not Z, the series is Z > Y > X. If Y replaces Z but not X, the series is X > Y > Z. If Y reacts with neither solution, Y is at the bottom of the series. Next, put one chip of X into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts, the series is X > Z > Y. If it does not react, the series is Z > X > Y. If Y reacts with both solutions, Y is the most reactive. Last, put a chip of X into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts, b. K c. H 50C 4. a. 2Al( s) 6CH 3 COOH( aq) Al(CH 3 COO) 3 (aq) 3H 2 ( g ) b. no reaction c. 2Cr(s) + 3CdCl2(aq) 2CrCl3(aq) + 3Cd(s) d. no reaction 5. a. Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) b. Both are alkali metals and readily form a stable 1+ ion by ejecting an s1 electron. Rb has a larger radius than Na and holds its Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Chemistry 210 Reaction Energy Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________ SECTION 3 the series is Y > X > Z. If it does not react, the series is Y > Z > X. 6. Signs of a reaction include generation of energy as heat or light, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, and change in color. PROBLEMS 1. 88% 2. a. N2; 2.0 mol b. 8.0 mol c. 6.4 mol 3. a. 0.10 mol b. HCl c. 1.4 g 4. a. 1.26 103 g b. 960. g c. 6.9 102 L Chapter 9 SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. b d a c a. b. c. d. e. 6. a. MIXED REVIEW 2N2O(g) + 3O2(g) 4NO2(g) 4 mol NO2:3 mol O2 15.0 mol True False 28.0 g/mol N2 2.0 g/mol H2 17.0 g/mol NH3 b. 3 mol H2:1 mol N2; 2 mol NH3:1 mol N2; 2 mol NH3:3 mol H2; or their reciprocals 7. a. 1 mol NO:1 mol H2O b. 3 mol NO:2 mol NH3 c. 0.360 mol 8. a. 4 mol O2:1 mol C3H4; 3 mol CO2:1 mol C3H4; 2 mol H2O:1 mol C3H4; 3 mol CO2:4 mol O2; 2 mol H2O:4 mol O2; 2 mol H2O:3 mol CO2; or their reciprocals b. C3H4 is 0.5x; O2 is 2x; and CO2 is 1.5x SHORT ANSWER 1. a. 4 b. 40.07 g/mol c. 2 mol O2:1 mol H2O d. 0.20 mol e. 3z 2. a.The limiting reactant is completely converted to product with no losses, as dictated by the ratio of coefficients. b.They determine the theoretical yield of the products of the reaction. c. smaller PROBLEMS 3. a. 4 mol b. 8.5 g c. At least 0.3 mol of H2 must be provided. 4. 75% 5. a. 0.0693 mol b. 0.0346 mol c. 1.11 g d. 0.786 L e. 1.05 g SECTION 2 PROBLEMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4.5 mol 200 g 0.53 g 34.8 g a. 60.2 g b. 42.1 L 6. a. 81 g b. 2.9 mol c. 1.3 102 g Chapter 10 SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER 1. a. ideal gas b. ideal gas c. real gas 2. a. The energy is transferred between them. b. Those with the lower molecule mass. 3. a. Gas molecules are in constant, rapid, random motion. c. C4H6O4 d. C12H12O6 5. a. C6H12S3 b. C8H16O4 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Chemistry 211 Reaction Energy