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A Mr. Ayala Presentation • I) The World in 1050 • A) Europe emerges from isolation • B) The Muslim civilizations enter their Golden Age • C) The Byzantine Empire in Eastern Europe is invaded by the Seljuk’s who also claimed the Holy Land • II) Crusades • A) Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I, asks Pope Urban II, to help fight against the Muslim Turks in the Holy Land; Urban agrees • B) Council of Clermont 1095; Urban II asks for a Crusade against the Infidels in the Holy Land • 1) Many Christians wanted to fight; for money, land, fame, religious zeal, and to escape problems at home • C) First Crusade, European Christians capture Jerusalem • 1) Battle ends with a massacre of Muslims and Jews • D) Went off and on for over 200 years • E) Land was divided into Four Crusader States • 1) Knights Templar etc. are used to keep the peace. • 2) Later will be destroyed because of their wealth by other European Christians • F) The Muslims under Saladin, wanted their land back • 1) 1187; Muslims take back Jerusalem • 2) 3rd Crusades; Christians try to take it back, fail • G) Fourth Crusade Christians begin to fight amongst themselves for trade routes • H) 1291; The Crusaders state are destroyed by the Muslims • 1) A massacre of Christians ensue • III) Impact of the Crusades • A) Left a legacy of religious hatred between the Judeo-Christian religions • 1) Christians and Muslims both commit atrocities in the name of their religion • B) European economies expand because of demand for new spices, perfumes, and cloths • 1) Venice and other Northern Italian City-States build huge merchant fleets • 2) Use of gold and a money economy increases (ease of trade) • C) Monarchs gain more power through taxation • D) The Roman Church gains temporary powers but conflicts with the Eastern Orthodox Church continue • E) Europeans Realize that the world is much larger than thought. Increases curiosity. • IV) Reconquista • A) 700’s; Muslim Moors controlled much of Present Day Spain • B) 1085; Christians capture Toledo • C) 1140: Christian Portugal is established • D) 1300; Christians Control most of the Iberian Peninsula except for Granada • E) 1469; Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile marry. They begin to fight the Moors. • F) 1492: Granada Falls; Reconquista Completed • G) Isabella Expels all non-Christians • 1) She ends the Religious tolerance that was under the Muslim Moors • 2) Starts the Spanish Inquisition • a) Jews and Muslims are forced to convert; if not tortured and killed • b) 150,000 Non-Christians flee from Spain