Download PP 6 - FA Joints_Pal_ROM - Doral Academy Preparatory

FOOT AND ANKLE
JOINTS, PALPATIONS, & ROM
BELL RINGER
• What bones make up the foot?
• What bones make up the ankle?
• What bones make up the lower leg?
• What is the main ligament on the medial
aspect of the ankle?
• What is the ligament most commonly sprained
on the lateral side?
ANSWERS
• 5 phalynx (great toe, digits 2-5, w/ DP, PP, DP, MP,
PP), Metatarsals 1-5, 3 cuneiforms, Cuboid,
Navicular, Talus, Calcaneous
• Talus, Tibia, Fibula
• Tibia, Fibula
• Deltoid Ligament
• ATFL (Anterior Talofibular Ligament)
JOINTS:
• A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrodial , is the most
common and most movable type of joint in the body
• Other types: Amphiarthrodial, Synarthrodial
• Diarthordial joints are divided into two subdivisions. What are
they?
•
• Main structural differences between diarthrodial and
Synarthrodial/Amphiarhtordial joints are capsules
surrounding the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint
and the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within
those capsules (synovial cavities).
JOINTS
• Toes and Metatarsals:
• Interphalangeal joints: These joints connect the phalanges.
They’re synovial joints strengthened by collateral and
plantar ligaments, and they let you flex and extend your
toes.
• Metatarsophalangeal joints: They allow you to flex and
extend your toes, as well as move them apart and closer
together.
• Intermetatarsal joints
• Tarsometatarsal joints
• Cuboideonavicular joints
JOINTS
• Foot:
• The following two joints allow you to invert and evert the foot
• Subtalar joint: This joint is the posterior joint formed
between the talus and the calcaneus. It’s a
synovial joint, and it’s stabilized by medial, lateral, and
interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments.
• Transverse tarsal joint: The transverse tarsal joint is
actually a combination of the following two joints:
• Talocalcaneonavicular joint
• Calcaneocuboid
SUBTALAR JOINT
TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINT
JOINTS
• Ankle:
• The ankle joint is a hinge joint, so you
can plantarflex and dorsiflex
• The ankle joint is comprised of:
• distal ends of the tibia and fibula
• talus
ROM
• Toes
• Flexion/extension
• Abduction/Adduction
• Ankle
• Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
• Inversion/eversion
• Circumduction
TOE ROM
ANKLE ROM
PALPATIONS - ANKLE
PALPATIONS
Palpate with a purpose”
“
• Palpate to feel:
• Tenderness
• Inflammation
• Crepitus
• Deformity
WHAT TO PALPATE – BONY
LANDMARKS
From distal to proximal:
• Distal, Middle, Proximal Phalangeals
• Heads of the Metatarsals
• Metatarsals
• Navicular Tuberosity
• Styloid process of fifth metatarsal
• Sinus Tarsi - soft tissue depression just anterior to the
lateral malleolus.
• Medial and Lateral Malleoli
• Head of the Talus
• Calcaneous
WHAT TO PALPATE – MUSCLES AND
TENDONS
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Achilles Tendon
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Peroneus Longus
• Peroneus Brevis
•
•
•
•
•
SOME PALPATIONS REQUIRE ROM
• Head of Talus - felt just behind the navicular, by
everting & inverting the midfoot.
• Sustentaculum Tali - one fingerbreadth below
medial malleolus. (serves as an attachment for the
spring ligament & supports the talus); can be painful
when palpated
PALPATIONS - FOOT
IN CLASS…
• Pair off and palpate the foot and ankle
• Identify bones, muscles, and ligaments
• Begin to work on foot diagram
• Must draw
• Tibia
• Fibula
• All 26 bones of the foot
• Must be proportional in size
• Color bones by category
• Sketch in muscles and ligament
• Skeleton will be cut out and assembled; must be
able to move
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THE
EXAM
• Where to Palpate specific bones/ligaments
• ALL ROM
HOMEWORK
• Color pages 4 and 5 in the packet