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Application of Neural Networks for the Environmental Quality Assessment of Eco-Agriculture Tourism1 SHI Yunxia School of Business Management, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, P. R. China, 264005 [email protected] Abstract: The eco-agriculture touring environmental was closely related to sustainable development of eco-agriculture tourism. The key to realize the sustainable development of eco-agriculture tourism was the matter of the touring environment quality. In this paper, the evaluation system of eco-agriculture tourism is set up and Neural Networks Method is used for the environmental quality assessment of eco-agriculture tourism. It shows that making use of the method BP nerve network to evaluate a eco-agriculture touring environmental quality was a suitable and valid method. Keywords: Eco-agriculture tourism, Tourism environment, Environmental quality, Evaluation, BP nerve network 1. Introduction The tourism industry has become the rapid development of the economy in the world. According to conservative estimates, tourism income has surpassed more than 6% of global GNP. About 1.3 billion people join into the tourism industry, which covers more than 6% of the global human resource. Tourism industry has become the industrial types which has larger global output and higher employment rate in a short decade. Because of the success of tourism industry in the world which cover the destroy of the natural environment the study of tourism environment is relatively lagged behind other branches. We should clearly recognize that tourism is highly dependent on the environment one of the industries. A direct result of the deterioration of ecological environment of resources and environmental quality decline threatens the sustainable development of tourism. We have to "smoke-free industrial smoke," sounded the alarm bell, carrying out environment impact assessment, environmental protection and ecological construction. It can be said from the birth of modern tourism began in 1841 the last century 60's, the tourism environment of almost zero. These thriving tourism industry and tourism researches in other disciplines do not match the rapid development. 40 years since the 40s of 20th century, with accelerated industrialization and urbanization around the world, continue to the massive industrial pollution incidents have happened in many developed countries. At the same time, environmental assessment emerged. After 60s, tourism geographers and environmental scientists began to focus on tourism development in the environmental quality evaluation process, gradually changing from exposing the fact that the negative impact of tourism to the assessment of the cost of such negative impact. Our research works are relatively late. Ecological agriculture tourism is a type of combination of eco-agriculture and eco-tourism. The difference between Eco-agriculture tourism and general eco-tourism is that the background of Eco-agriculture tourism’s activities is mainly in the rural ecological environment, and its active content usually revolves around various aspects of ecological agriculture production and rural culture to carry out a series of sightseeing, tours, technology demonstrations, agricultural experience, leisure, entertainment, fitness, shopping, education and other activities with a benign environment and the special atmosphere. Most Eco-agriculture tourism relies on the local village and town. In order to maximize the profit rather than focus on ecological and environmental protection, the local places often ignore the protection of ecological environment, making the ecological environment with picturesque scenery and fresh air before worsened, and the significance of the ecological agricultural tourism is loosing. So how to establish a complete set of scientific Eco-agriculture tourism development evaluation index system which is the integration of , 1 This research is sponsored by the funds of Scientific Development Program of Shandong Academic Institutes. 760 ecological agriculture and ecological tourism, and by which to measure the sustainability of the development of ecological agriculture tourism in China. The Sustainability of the tourism place, combining the ecological functions, agricultural and tourism function of Eco-agriculture tourism together for further planning and development is China's current important issue be solved. So far the academic evaluation on the ecological quality of agricultural tourism is less specialized, the majority of which focused on the existing environmental impact of tourism such as environmental capacity. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive and effective evaluation of tourism environment by the establishment of ecological agriculture tourism environment quality evaluation system, using the method of BP neural network to provide a reference for the environmental protection of ecological agriculture tourism. 2. The Construction of Eco-agriculture Tourism Environmental Quality Evaluation System 2.1 The definition of the concept of tourism environment and the definition in this paper. The current academic Definition of the concept of tourism environment in Chinese has not fully unified. Zhou Yanting thinks that tourism environment refers to the physical environment formatted by natural and human factors in all areas with tourism value. Liu Zhenli believes that the so-called tourism environment, in terms of its content, includes both natural and social factors related with tourism activities and, more importantly, includes the situation of tourism resources. Chen Anze believes that the tourist environment refers to the sum of external conditions on which tourism activities exists and be carried out, including the social and political environment, natural environment, tourism environment and climate itself and tourism resources. Even though there are many divergent views of definition of the concept of the tourism environment, the tourism landscape, ecological and social conditions of service constitute the main factors of the tourism environment. By taking the natural environment as example, the corresponding eco-environmental quality evaluation system of agriculture and tourism is built in this paper. 2.2 Tourism Environmental Quality Evaluation System 2.2.1 The principle of the Construction Indicators are the basic standards and metrics of assessment. Indicators system is the fundamental conditions and theoretical basis of ecological assessment. Whether it will be built successfully or nor will decide the authenticity and feasibility of the evaluation results. There are many factors that constraint the quality of tourism environment. When we select the evaluation factors, we should be guided by the following principles: First, scientific principles, evaluation of selection should be based on accurate scientific basis, to be selected to reflect the comments of Tourism and the essential characteristics of eco-environmental quality change in status indicators. Adopt the scientific theory and methods to construct the index system which can reflect the developing actual state and development direction of the ecological agriculture tourism objectively, which have the scientific guidance. Second, dominant principle, tourism ecological quality is affected by geology, physiognomy, soil, vegetation climate and other factors, in many factors, the role of various factors and mode of action of the process are different, therefore, should choose a representative which can directly reflect the environmental quality of regional tourism the main features of the dominant indicators. Third, the operational principle, the selected indicators should be the main factors that can affect the development of ecological agriculture and tourism. 2.2.2 The method of the Construction Index system is not only the carrier of the content of the tourism environmental quality, but also the external expression of it. In accordance with the systematic thinking, the part of the tourism environment was decomposed. These components or elements are ordered into one kind of class and each integral part was evaluated individually. Then the whole environmental quality system was evaluated. For scientific, comprehensive, objective and clear demonstration of the tourism environment in the form of quality evaluation system, we divided them into two levels: the first level indicator is to show the basic elements of 761 composition; second indicator is to show the characteristics of the tourism environment directly and concretely, based on the further refinement of basic elements. 2.2.3 The construction of evaluation index system The ecological tourism environment of the study area is a complex systemic one, and its basic features include integration, space and its time stability. The factors that affect the quality of Eco- agricultural tourism environment are manifold. The construction of evaluation index system is to get scientific, systematic implementation of the comprehensive analysis of aimed object. So the indicators should be given full consideration of scientific and regional particularities. Based on the above principles and references to other documents and relevant experts, taking into account the feasibility of actual supporting data, the author establish Eco—environmental quality evaluation system of the Eco—agricultural tourism (Table 1). Tab.1 Eco—environmental quality evaluation system of the Eco—agricultural tourism Eco—environmental quality evaluation system of the Eco—agricultural tourism(U) Air Quality U1 SO2n The average concentration (U11) NO2n The average concentration (U12) TSP The average concentration (U13) Water Environment U2 BOD(U21) COD(U22) Dissolved nitrogen (U23) TN(U24) Climate and weather U3 The average annual temperature (u31) Average annual precipitation (u32) The average relative humidity (u33) humidity (u34) Vegetation coverage U4 NDVI (U41) Soil erosion U5 Ratio of slope (U51) Clear concentration of surface U6 Surface Cleanliness Index (u61) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3. ( ) ( ) Applications of Neural Networks for the Environmental Quality Assessment of Eco-Agriculture Tourism 3.1 Assessment Method The characteristics of adaptability, learning ability and large-scale parallel computing power of Neural network expert system is more suitable to solve the issues of incomplete information, more analysis indicators, some non-linear related indicators issues that encountered in the environmental quality assessment of Eco-Agriculture tourism. Many of the indicators can not be numerically defined, that is there is no clear boundary, only the evaluation of the extent of the high and low, so a BP neural network expert system provides an effective way for Eco-agriculture tourism environmental quality evaluation. 3.2 The basic principles of BP neural network BP artificial neural network is a common classification of data mining. It is suitable for applying to the network, using the form of the instructors’ training .It provides of input vector while providing output vector. By adjusting the network's connection weight, the network output in the minimum mean square sense is made closed to the desired output. The process of learning is composed by the positive direction of propagation and back propagation. In the forward propagation process, the input neurons were transported to the output layer after the processing by hidden neuron layer .If the output layer can not get the expected output; it can enter the back propagation process. the error between expected output and actual output can return along the original connection path, by modifying the neuron layers and the connection weights, so that the error decreases, and then it can be transferred to a positive communication process. The cycle repeated until the error is less than the given value. A typical 3-layer BP artificial neural network model is shown in Figure I. 762 3.3 BP artificial neural network assessment model Input and output: all the secondary analysis indicators were treated as input vector in this paper. X=(H11 H12 H13 ⋯ H42 H43) To the environmental evaluation of travel as the output value of Y. Input vector contains the quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators, as for the qualitative indicators which can take the experts grade and other way to quantify. On the quantization of tourism environmental quality level, the text takes an extent method, that is make the extent which contents the travel environmental quality and the output value Y divided according to the table 2, in which 3A is the highest level of quality tourism environment, c is the minimum level of quality tourism environment. , , ,, , , Input layer Hidden layer Output layer Figure.1 3-layer BP artificial neural network model C (0,0.1) 2B (0.4,0.5) Table 2 Ecological Agriculture grade range of quality tourism environment 2C 3C B (0.1,0.2) (0.2,0.3) (0.3,0.4) 3B A 2A 3A (0.5,0.6) (0.6,0.7) (0.7,0.8) (0.8,0.9) Network structure: the number of input layer neurons take in 14, corresponding to the input vector; the output layer has a neuron; the determination of the hidden layer neuron number has no particularly good way currently, the text takes the experience methods, taking the number of hidden layer was 38, so the basic structure of the network is 14-38-1 3-layer BP neural network expert system. Neuronal function, error function and learning algorithm: the input layer neurons functions f (x) = X, the input layer neurons transmitted the input value which is not addressed to the hidden layer directly through the weighted hidden layer neuron. The hidden layer and output layer neurons node function is Sig-moid type functions: f (X) = 1 / (1 + exp (-x)), characterized by the function domain of real numbers, range from (O, 1), and infinitely differentiable. Threshold of all neurons are taken to be 0, so that the weights wk = (wijk) ni -1 ×ni. In the formula nk means the number of the k layer, wij is the weights between the k-1 layer neuron i and the k-layer. Then the receiver value of the k-layer neuron j: netjk=Σi=1nk-1 ,j=1 2 ⋯, nk; to the k +1 level of output value), yi=f (netjk)j=1.2⋯. , , 3.4 The specific steps in environmental quality assessment Step 1: initialize the neural network weights w and learning accuracy. Step 2: Determine the learning samples x, Y. For each study sample, the input vector x is made up by the14 second class indicator of Tourism Environmental Quality at a fixed composition. Qualitative indicators of these indicators should be given a quantitative value score by experts. The desired output Y is given in Table 2, which can be the middle value in the range. Step 3: Using learning samples in turn train the neural network until the network becomes stable. Step 4: According to the environmental quality of tourism index system to quantify the all secondary indicators of the city, according to a fixed order, constitutes the input vector x, and the qualitative index is still quantized by the expert ratings. Step 5: To the trained neural network 763 input vector x, getting the network output Y. Step 6: According to Table 2, determine the range of the output value Y. In accordance with the order to complete the six steps, you can come to a conclusion that the environment quality of the eco-tourism belongs to which level in the range. So you can evaluate and compare the different tourism environment. 4. Conclusion This paper develops a ecological agriculture tourism environment quality evaluation system, which contains quality of atmospheric environment, water environment, climate and weather, vegetation cover, soil erosion and the clean surface concentration, using BP neural network approach to evaluation, implement the review quantitative criteria, in order to provide uniform objective indicators, overcome subjective of decision-making, to further improve the Scientifics, justice and rationality of the city environmental quality evaluation. It is worth noting that tourism environmental assessment including assessment of the ecological environment, the social environment and economic environment evaluation. 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