Download Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and Elite School of Optometry

Physical Optics Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
and
Elite School of Optometry
(Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai)
B S OPTOMETRY
First Year - Second Semester – Academic Year (2012 – 2013)
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO.
: OPTO ZC131
COURSE TITLE
: PHYSICAL OPTICS
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
: Dr K Ambujam and Ms M V S Sailaja
Course Objective: The objectives of this course are to describe the wave nature of light and apply the
wave theory to explain classic phenomena such as interference, diffraction and polarization. Working of
some optical instruments and a brief description of scattering and laser will also be included in the
study. In the laboratory, measurements of characteristics of light such as wavelength and intensity using
the facility available. Spectral attempt to unify theory and experiments will be made wherever possible.
Text Books: A text book of Optics, N.SUBRAHMANYAM & BRIJ LAL, S. Chand & Co. Edn. 2000
Reference Book:1) Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. JENKINS & H.E.WHITE: , McGraw Hill 1980)
2) Optics and Vision, LENO S PEDROTTI AND FRANK L PEDROTTI , Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliff (1998)
Course Plan :
S No
Topics
1
Nature of light:
1.1. The origin of light in atomic transitions
1.2. Light as transverse oscillations of electromagnetic fields; sine waves.
1.3. Concepts of amplitude, phase and intensity.
1.4. Concepts of wavefronts; Huygens principle; Sinusoidal waves.
1.5 Electromagnetic spectrum; visible spectrum; UV; UV-A,
UV-B, UV-C; IR - far and near IR radiations; X-rays
2
Interference:
2.1
Coherence; path and phase difference; Young’s Double slit experiment;
calculation of fringe width.
2.2
Interference in a thin films; interference due to transmitted and reflected
light; anti-reflection coating; interferometer.
2.3 Newton’s rings; refractive index of a liquid.
3
Diffraction:
3.1 Circular aperture – qualitative and quantitative; Airy disk;
resolution of two points; examples from instruments
3.2 Diffraction due to a single slit; qualitative - slit as a collection of circular
apertures; quantitative - calculation of fringe width.
3.3 Diffraction due to multiple slits; diffraction grating; reflection and
transmission grating.
3.4 Contrasts; modulation transfer function
4
Polarization:
4.1 Light as oscillation of electric field; polarization; plane & circular polarization.
4.2 Polarizers and analyzers; Malus’s law: I(θ) = I(0) cos2θ
Hours
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
Physical Optics Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
5
6
7
8
4.3 Birefringence
4.4 Heidinger’s Brushes; laser scanning polarimetry; Polaroid Glasses
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence:
5.1 Introduction to Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
5.2 Application to Fluoresce in Angiography
Scattering:
6.1
Rayleigh’s scattering; blueness of the sky.
6.2
Raman scattering.(ARMD?)
6.3
Introduction to ocular media
Introduction to LASER:
7.1
Coherence; spatial and temporal coherence; spontaneous and stimulated
emission; population inversion; laser pumping.
7.2
Different types of lasers – gas lasers: He-Ne laser, Ar laser; solid lasers –
Ruby laser, semi-conductor lasers
7.3
Ophthalmic use of lasers – Excimer laser, LASIK
Radiometry and Photometry:
8.1
Introduction to SI systems of measurement.
8.2
Definition of radiometric units - radiant energy, radiant energy density,
radiant flux, radiant exitance, irradiance, radiant intensity, radiance.
8.3 R2 fall of irradiance with distance R; Lambert’s law: I(θ) = I(0) cosθ.
8.4 Retinal sensitivity functions; photopic and scotopic V(λ) curve.
8.5 Definition of photometry as radiometry filtered through V(λ) curve;
definition of photometric units - luminous energy, luminous energy
density, luminous flux (or luminous power), luminous exitance,
illuminance, luminous intensity, luminance.
8.6 Light levels in various environments - day light, night light, room lighting
Total number of hours
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
51
Practical
S No Particulars
1
Radius of curvature of lens forming Newton’s rings
2
Refractive index of the material of a prism-spectrometer
3
Thickness of wire by air wedge interference
4
Standardization of grating
5
Wavelength determination by biprism experiment
6
Diffraction at a circular aperture – Airy pattern diameter of a pin hole – laser source
7
Error analysis of measurement – dispersion
8
Verification of Inverse Square Law; Effect of aperture size on image illuminance
9
Diffraction at slit aperture and straight wire
10
Resolving power of a grating
11
Effect of image defocus on image illuminance; Effect of magnification on image illuminance.
12
Polarimeter
Evaluation Component Schedule:
Component Month
Pattern
Marks
Feb and
EC – I and III April
EC – II
March
Comp. Exam May
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Assignment, quiz, viva, seminar, debate, lecture evaluation,
surprise test, etc.
Written
Written – Three Hours
40
20
40