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HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL
BY: CRIS CYRIL C. ABBU, FPIA, UAP, IFHP + MYLA GADOR, UAP, PIA + JOY LIM ABBU
DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DOST 7
PHILIPPINES: A DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY- WHY?
1. LOCATION
The Philippines
is Located at
Western Pacific
Rim
Circum Pacific
Seismic Belt
2. CLIMATE CHANGE
The Effects of
CLIMATE
CHANGE
EXPOSES
PEOPLE
It is highly vulnerable and subject
to all kind of hazards
such as storms, typhoons, earthquakes,
floods, volcanic eruption, droughts,
landslide and other kinds of natural
hazards.
Hunger
Drought
Typhoon
Flood, and other adverse occurrences
as well as the extinction of a large number
of animals, marine life and plant species
Devastation suppresses human spirit and degrades the physical environment
and inflict casualties.
It gives us the opportunity to review, revise policies and plan for a
Resilient and Sustainable Philippines.
The Conditions Brought About By Climate Change Affects
Sustainable Development
The Effects of Climate Change has a Disastrous Impact on Housing,
Settlement and People
UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE IS
ATTRIBUTED TO HUMAN
ACTIVITY
Earth’s capacity to create its
natural resources Humanity
needed to consume in a year
ANTHROPOGENIC in NATURE
and
RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY
Human Population projected to use
150% of Earth’s Resources generated in
a year.
Humanity uses the equivalent of
1.5 planets to provide the
resources needed to use and
absorb our waste.
THE COST OF ECOLOGICAL
OVERSPENDING
Annual
CO2
emissions
% of
world
emissions
Source
29,888,121
100%
UN Estimate
China
7,031,916
23.5%
UN Estimate
United
States
5,461,014
18.27%
UN Estimate
European
Union
4,177,817
13.98%
UN Estimate
India
1,742,698
5.83%
UN Estimate
Russia
1,708,653
5.72%
UN Estimate
Japan
1,208,163
4.04%
UN Estimate
Germany
786,660
2.63%
UN Estimate
Canada
544,091
1.82%
UN Estimate
Iran
538,404
1.8%
UN Estimate
Country
(in thousands
of tonnes)
World
According to Global Footprint Network’s
calculations, our demand for renewable
ecological resources and the services
they provide is now equivalent to that of
more than 1.5 Earths
The Philippines is number 44th with 85, 157 with
an annual CO2 emissions (In thousands of
tonnes)
CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
CAUSES
DISASTER
Droughts, Cyclones
Flood, Tsunami,
Sea Level Rise,
Monsoon
Disturbances
RESULTS TO:
Death, Economic
Loss, BioDiversity Loss
AFFECTS
FOOD
SECURITY
Farming and Fishing
Failure
AFFECTS
HEALTH and
WELL-BEING
Malnutrition,
Disease, Famine
‘Living within ecological limits is the non-negotiable
basis for our social and economic development’
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Illustration s of the Adverse effects of Climate Change
A coordinated approach can create opportunities and accelerate change.
The solutions are eco-efficient, adaptive, holistically resilient consumer’s
lifestyles related to products and services.
TRIANGLE OF CHANGE
PEOPLE
Change should start from
where the people are;
products and
services people
use, and the
infrastructure
available,
link government
with business
and people
BUSINESS
GOVERNMENT
The overall impact on the
environment depends
on:
-how we run our homes
-the food we eat
-how we get around
-how we disposed of our
waste
-how to be adaptable in
times of disaster
-how to be resilient
At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
(Rio+20) in June 2012, countries agreed to adopt the 10-Year
Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and
Production (10YFP).
The world needs to produce goods and services more efficiently,
using fewer resources and generating less waste and pollution.
The 10 YFP includes an initial list of five programs to be developed
under the Framework, the initial list includes:
-Consumer information
-Sustainable lifestyles and education
-Sustainable public procurement
-Sustainable buildings and construction
-Sustainable tourism, including ecotourism
The United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
The circle of
sustainability can be
disrupted by
disasters- both
manmade and the
adverse effects of
climate change
We need to recognize uncertainties about the future, go beyond the
short time scales of current policies if we want to address seriously
the sustainability of our consumption and production.
We do this by exchanging good eco-efficient- green practices.
Hindrances to Sustainable Development of the Philippines
Data and statistics show
-(year 1980-2010)- there were 363 natural disasters
(earthquakes ,storms and floods)
- over 32,956 casualties, averaging over a thousand per year.
Prevention Web
Affected population - 116M in a span of 30 years,
- average 3,748,788 persons per year.
average economic damages- to about 10 billion pesos per year.
The recent Typhoon Haiyan
killed 6,300 people
injured over 28,000 with still, over 1,000 missing. (Prevention Web)
But there are other questions…. What about the other cost?
Social Cost? Environmental Cost?
WE SHOULD ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE!
DESIGN APPROACH : it
must be INNOVATIVE and
RESILIENT + ADAPTABLE
+ Eco- Efficient and
SUSTAINABLE design
elements
translates into a resilient,
sustainable and adaptive
DESIGN ELEMENTS with
Eco-efficient green design
elements. With emergency
structural component
(EMERGENCYHUMANITARIAN- design)
(IT COVERS THE ISSUES ABOUT THE
ENVIRONMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
HEALTH AND SANITATION, POPULATION,
SECURITY,FOOD SUFFICIENCY, STABLE &
ADAPTABLE SHELTER, DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION PROGRAMS, DISASTER
MANAGEMENT)
RESULT TO:
HOLISTIC
SUSTAINABLE AND
RESILIENT Design
of
INFRASTRUCTURE
PROPOSED GREEN SCHOOL DIMENSIONS
Urban
M
Rural
Lowland
Mobile
Emergency
KEY FEATURES
MULTIPLICITY OF FUNCTION : Shelter/Refuge Center, Emergency Shelter Community
Promotions, Trade Fairs
U
UNIVERSALITY
S
SUSTAINABILITY: Rainwater Harvesting for Building Use like Toilet Facilities, Organic
A
ADAPTABILITY: Climate Change Effects, Different Geological Conditions
G
GREEN: Reduced Energy Demand and Energy Use, Reduced Ecological Footprint
E
EDUCATIONAL: School that teaches School with Environment as an
farming/ Gardening, Inland Fish Farm, Recycling, Composting
Reduce Green House Gas Emissions, Proper Waster Management
Appropriate use of locally available building materials
Interactive Tool for teaching
URBAN SCHOOL DIMENSION
RURAL
DIMENSION
LOWLANDS DIMENSION
MOBILE DIMENSION
RETRO-FITTED VANS
EMERGENCY DIMENSION COLLAPSIBLE DIMENSION
COLLAPSIBLE, LIGHTWEIGHT, MODULAR, SUSTAINABLE
WASTE and WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
OUR PROPOSAL
4 TYPES COMPOSITE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM
4 CHAMBER SEPTIC
TANK PLAN
SECTION
4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + REED BED + POND
SECTION
REED BED PLAN
4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + REED BED + SEEPAGE PIT
FILTRATION BOX PLAN
4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + FILTRATION BOXES + SEEPAGE PIT
USE THE COMBINATION of 4 CHAMBERS
SEPTIC TANK + FILTRATION BOXES +
SEEPAGE PIT + REED BED + POND
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
STOP SEEPAGE PIT- SUMP
PIT- FILTRATION BOXES
PROJECT LOCATION: MARY QUEEN OF
HEAVEN MISSIONARIES; CENTER FOR
PROSTITUTED WOMEN AND CHILDREN
4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK is
designed as an onsite
wastewater treatment
system that purifies the
building’s waste (effluent).
The effluent consists of black
water (toilet wastes) and
grey water (kitchen sink and
laundry wastes).
CONSTRUCTED REED BED can be added
as a method of removing pollutants
from grey water. A 'green' water
treatment technology, which is
sustainable and reduces operational
costs compared to a conventional
biological effluent treatment system.
SEEPAGE PIT. A waste water treatment
when reed beds/ponds are not applicable.
It is a large pit with porous masonry block
to support the walls and a gravel bed .
Effluent from septic tank and enters a
seepage pit where it is temporarily stored
until it gradually seeps through the walls
and into the soil.
RAINWATER RUNOFF CONTAINMENT SYSTEM FOR SLOPING PROFILE
COMPOSITE SYSTEM-A SERIES OF CATCHMENTS + DRAINAGE STOPS + CISTERNS + RAINWATER HOLDING
SECTIONS BEFORE RAINWATER RELEASE
We need to understand the impact of climate change
and its impact on the built environment.
RESILIENCY+ FLEXIBILITY
+ MULTIPLICITY
MULTIPLICITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF FUNCTION
Our Design Approach
Define the Functional
Intention (Building Type)
and Incorporate
Green / Resilient /
Adaptable Design
Elements
leads to
flexibility and
multiple
usage
and translated into
Sustainable-adaptable,
Emergency and
Humanitarian Structure
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL USAGE and INTENTIONS
Climate Change Effects
DRIVER
for Multiple
Functional Usage of a
Structure
Schools may be Converted to Emergency Shelter or Library or a Community Resource Centre
We need to understand the impact of climate change
and its impact on the built environment
Adaptation to climate change is a response that seeks to reduce the
vulnerability to climate change effects.
What is RESILIENCE?
• Resilience is the capacity to bounce back after a disturbance or
interruption at various levels —individuals, households, communities,
and regions. Through resilience we can maintain liveable conditions in
the event of natural disasters, loss of power, or other interruptions in
normally available services.... Resilience Design Institute
RESILIENCE:
THE NEW DRIVER OF SUSTAINABILITY- LIVING THE FUTURE
We need to integrate environmental sustainability and resilience into
low cost building codes, designs and construction, and in designing
holistic resilient buildings
What is Resilient Design?
Resilient design: is the intentional design of buildings, landscapes,
communities, and regions in response to the these vulnerabilities.
Resilient Infrastructure Design Components are;
Incorporate Climate
change adaptable design
elements (typhoon and
earthquake resistance
design)
Sustainable and
eco –efficient
design elements
Resilient
Infrastructure
Design
There is a need to address the adverse effects of manmade and natural
disasters and one of the most effective tool is to design and build
resilient and sustainable (eco-efficient) infrastructures
THE BENEFITS OF HOLISTIC RESILIENT ECO-EFFICIENT /
ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE
1. ENVIRONMENT
Helps Sustain the Environment and Mitigate Climate Change Effects
The whole purpose behind sustainable building is to preserve our
and avoid the depletion
of theReduction
earth’s natural resources.
•environment
Protect the Ecosystem
• Emissions
• Improve Air and Water Quality
• Reduce Waste Streams
• Waste Reduction
• Storm Water Management
• Water Conservation
• Conserve and Restore Natural Resources
• Temperature Moderation
2. SOCIAL and HEALTH
Brings about a Healthy and Productive Society
Improves the user’s health, comfort, productivity and increases indoor
environmental conditions.
• Improve Occupants Comfort and Health • Create an Aesthetically Pleasing Environment
• Minimizes Strain on Local Infrastructure • Increases Occupants Overall Morale
• Improves Worker Productivity
3. ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Helps Aid in the Expansion of the “Green Market”
• Optimizes the Life Cycle of the Building
• Improve Occupants Attendance and Productivity
• Energy and Water Saving
• Lower Operational management budget
• Reduce Operating Costs
• Increases Property Value
• Multiplier Effect of Cost Reduction
4. DISASTER RESISTANT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTABLE
STRUCTURE- Resilient structures
• Typhoon and earthquake resistant structure
• Additional resiliency component for
sustainable development
• Function as emergency and humanitarian shelter
during and after disaster
• limit the destructive impact of disasters in
reference to the physical environment
DEVELOPING DISASTER-RESILIENT, ECO-EFFICIENT, AND GREEN DESIGN for a
HOLISTIC RESILIENT ECO-EFFICIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF A RESILIENT DESIGN?
- Holistic Resilient Design
considers durability and
multi-hazard resistance in
the built environment.
upgraded –fortified
standards to meet the
demands of stresses of
disaster.
DRIVER
DRIVER
- Resilient Design, coupled
with sustainable design,
encourage the
construction of higherquality buildings and
infrastructure
DRIVER
Resilient –
Sustainable
Philippines
A GUIDE FOR HOLISTIC RESILIENT SCHOOLS DESIGN
ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHIES, THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES:
The consolidation of architectural philosophies
Biomimicry
Aerodynamic
Hydro Dynamics
acts as the
conceptual basis
to be able to come up
with a basic DESIGN
ELEMENT for holistic
eco-efficient resilient
The conceptual process addresses the fundamental structural
system needed to address the issues of earthquake and typhoon
resistance.
Design Development Conceptual Flow
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Conceptual takeoff:
The Principles of;
- Biomimicry
-Aero Dynamic
-Hydrodynamic
(Fluid Dynamic)
Resiliency Concepts Developed by Koradesigngroup
RESILIENT,
ECO-EFFICIENT
GREEN DESIGN
HOLISTIC
RESILIENT
ECO-EFFICIENT
STRUCTURE
CONCEPT
THE IDEA:
We envisioned the idea of having a structure that is of a “holistic,
Resilient, eco-efficient and sustainable in the light of successive
disaster that struck the Philippines
HOLISTIC-Eco-efficient - Sustainable and
Resilient Infrastructure shall exhibit the
following design elements ;
1. SUSTAINABLE
2. GREEN DESIGN + UNIVERSAL DESIGN
3. RESISTANT TO TYPHOONS and EARTHQUAKES
4. Eco-efficient in Water and Energy
5. Innovative
ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHIES, THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES:
•Biomimicry
The philosophy of biomimicry always takes into account nature as
reference in design performance. It is an ecological approach in
design to improve building disaster resilience. It is anchored on how
nature reacts to pressures and relate this to infrastructure
•(Structural frame)- The analogy of a human structure that carries the bulk of the
load which the upper body considering other factors such as movement and
other stresses.
•All these can translated into the building’s structural system. The result will be a resilient
structural system with extra strength gaps to handle the effects of earthquakes and
typhoons inclusive of wind, seismic and flooding.
•
Aerodynamics
• Aerodynamics guides the formulation of form design, roof and plan
configuration. A tool in conceptualization of form and shape where
there is less drag, allow wind and air to flow and ventilate.
• Aerodynamics as a branch of
dynamics concerned with studying
the motion of air, particularly when it
interacts with a solid object,
……wikipedia
•Hydrodynamics
•Water flow behavioral character guides the designer in formulating
flood resistant and tsunami resistant design element and that includes
form and layout of horizontal planes like raised flooring to allow water to flow,
thereby protecting the users as well as the structure.
Hydrodynamics (Fluid Dynamics)
In physics, fluid dynamics is the natural science of
fluids in motion…… Wikipedia
Structural Concepts Proposed by koradesigngroup
•The proposed structural component will be derived from the structural system of
“Gabaldon Schools”. Gabaldon School’s structural system composes of a series of short
column pedestals aside from the main structural support which are the columns.
•Earthquake Resistant Concepts
•Referring to performance based process of design
where it involves evaluation of performance during
hazards events, disasters both natural and manmade,
calamities and other conditions and the adverse effects
of climate change. The performance of structures and
buildings that survived previous disasters are very
important basis in formulating resilient design.
The structural foundation of “Gabaldon Schools”
are of series of Column Pedestals
Guiding Principle of Holistic Eco-Efficient Green School
1. Structure should stand the test of time:
2. Resilient Design:
3. Emergency Resiliency & Disaster Preparedness functional capacities:
4. Flexible and adaptable in Spatial Function:
5. Universal Design:
6. Eco- efficient - Green Design:
7. Disaster Hazards, Typhoon and Earthquake Resistant:
8. Innovative Design:
HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOLS DIMENSIONS
RURAL
URBAN
LOWLAND
RURAL DIMENSION
HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL
URBAN DIMENSION
HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL
LOWLAND DIMENSION
HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL
ACCEPTABILITY – APPLICABILITY- INNOVATIVENESS
THE QUESTION OF ACCEPTABILITY: Acceptability is always a question when
you deal and propose mitigating actions, solutions and interventions regarding
housing, shelter, emergency and humanitarian actions and sustainable
development.
Approaches
1.
a.
b.
2.
Socio-cultural/ Religious/ Historical + Economic Layers
We must take into consideration the different socio-cultural layer in our
society,
The accepted elements in design to be inputted in the design and plan.
The process must go into a series of consultation
Community based process (community participation)
It must be community based process in the design. Taking inputs from the
community or users incorporating these inputs in the design. It is partial
that they decide for themselves to what plan they want and assisted by an
architect.
Then there is a question of APPLICABILTY/ IS IT APPLICABLE?
Is the solution applicable? Did they consider adaptability and sustainability issues?
Or does the solution only stop there- housing.
Is it adaptable to the effects of climate change
Is it a healthy place to live in? Sanitation and waste management considered?
Capacity Building?
Does the solution covers skills upgrading, technology transfer, livelihood issues
considering the users’ sustainability in term of economic development, poverty
alleviation, subsistence (daily needs) and daily existence
INNOVATIVENESS
We must come up innovative solutions.
We must not limit ourselves with what is being acceptable and what is being applicable.
We must innovate to be able to solve and deal with present and future challenges. We
cannot allow ourselves to stagnate and be dependent international humanitarian
entities. We must progress and strive for the betterment of our society.
We must look forward and formulate innovative solution.
Innovativeness is one of the features of sustainable development
SUGGESTED POLICY POINTS:
POLICY GUIDELINES FOR GOVERNMENT AND POLICY MAKERS
1. That Government and the private sector work together in the upgrading of a
resilient building construction methods and system that will be appropriate
solutions in terms of disaster resistant capability.
2. Expand Accountability of Professionals
That policy makers shall ensure strict compliance and implementations of material
specification, the general specification and instructions by expanded liability for
professionals like Architects, Civil Engineers, Contractors and allied professionals related to
the construction industry to ensure compliance
3. Office of the Building Official: strengthened power of the office of the building
official implementation standards and monitor workmanship of professionals.
4. Illegal construction: Strengthen illegal construction law and its implementation
system. Disseminate and implement anti-squatting ordinances and laws to
prevent illegal construction activities. Most illegal construction are of
sub-standard construction using sub-standard materials.
5. That Government and the private sector review- revise and upgrade existing
building codes and laws. Suggested resiliency and resistant ratings are;
A. SPECIFICS:
Earthquakes: there is a need to upgrade the earthquake resistance capacity to a
magnitude 9 and possible a much higher gap of magnitude 9.5 earthquakes. The
system of a seismic tolerable gap ensures an earthquake resistant safe structure.
Wind loads: Revise the design of Wind Zone II structures to withstand wind
velocity from 200 kph to 390 kph to 400 kph. The last recorded peak gust wind
typhoon “Yolanda” was 380 kilometers per hour recorded in Samar-Leyte Area.
Universal Accessibility Design- Universal Design: Consider including the
universal accessibility design to replace current provisions cited in BP 344 to
enable PWD (Persons with Disability), elderly, children, and pregnant women
access to the public and private facilities.
Universal design are set of design system and standards created to be friendly and
functional to all ages, disability, gender, race and physical well being. This will allow
easy access in time of emergency to all gender
6. Upgrade and revise existing building construction system that will ensure
increased resistant capacity
7. There is a need to strictly implement the law against the selling substandard building materials and products. There should be strict monitoring
from the Government agency in charge as well as the private sector.
8.That the policy makers and government promotes and support sustainable
Application of rain water to protect our water sources and resources, stressing
the Benefit such as for emergency use, reduces run-off and erosion.
9. That policy maker support sustainable application waste water and waste water
management to protect our water sources and aquifers. That the government
shall institute measure regulations and implement programs and projects that
prevents the depletion of water resources.
Support sustainable application rain water runoff management to protect the
environment and prevent flooding.
10.The government promotes comprehensive retrofitting program to convert
government complex into green buildings for energy efficiency and promote
utilization of alternative energy resources.
Thank You!
By: koradesigngroup
THANK YOU!