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Climate Change Challenges for Cities in the Kathmandu City Regional Policy Dialogue on Sustainable Urbanisation in South Asia: Greening the Infrastructure Gap 17-18 December 2014 New Delhi Batu Uprety Member, Climate Change Council, Nepal 17 December 2014, Wednesday Background • Nepal’s urban population is 17.07 % (2011). The urban population will reach 27% by 2021. • The urban population growth rate is 3.38% i.e. nearly 3 times higher than the national average growth rate (1.35%) • 47% of Nepal’s urban population in the Kathmandu Valley The Kathmandu Valley Nepal’s NAPA ranked most climate vulnerable Temperature Deviation from Normal oC Temperature Increase in Nepal & Kathmandu 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.0 Normal 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 24-40o North Latitude Temperature All-Nepal Temperature Trend 1977-94 Kathmandu Temperature All-Nepal Temperature 1880 1900 1920 1940 Years Source: Shrestha et.al., 1999 1960 1980 2000 Wet Season 2011/12 Wet Season 2010/11 Supply Wet Season 2009/10 Dry Season 2011/12 Demand Dry Season 2010/11 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Dry Season 2009/10 Demand about 350 million liters/day Ground water contributes up to 50% Groundwater extraction by KUKL alone 70MLD Recharge potential 26 MLD No. of rainy days having > 100mm a day declined and total amount of rainfall almost same Million Liter Per Day Too much water and less water supply Deficiencies Urban Settlement 2000 2012 Annual growth rate of the valley 4.25% Fertile agricultural land converted to 'concrete'/surface expansion Urban expansion more towards the northern part – water recharge area Forests and Biodiversity • Valley surrounded by degraded forest hills as a whole • Poor in urban forests, parks and gardens Issues – population growth, water scarcity haphazard urbanisation, and poor 'lungs’ Challenges • Inadequate means of implementation and institutional coordination • Translating policies into actions (resource use and energy efficiency, climate adaptation ...) • Access to affordable technologies including ecoefficient water infrastructure, and informed choices on technologies Possible Options • Promoting low carbon economic development pathway and making the infrastructure climate resilient • NAPA to NAP – reduce climate vulnerability and integrate adaptation into policies, plans & programmes • Promoting eco-efficient water infrastructures such as rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and community wastewater treatment facilities; • Strengthening local governments and promoting triangular partnership – public-private-civil society and incentivising the efficient resource users