Download Study Questions for Quiz #2

Study questions for Quiz 2
Please read chapters 3 and 4
CHAPTER 3–Minerals
1) Which list shows the typical order for INCREASING density of the common states of matter?
A) gas is denser than liquid is denser than solid
B) liquid is denser than solid is denser than gas
C) solid is denser than liquid is denser than gas
D) solid is denser than gas is denser than liquid
E) gas is denser than solid is denser than liquid
Answer: C
3) Which of the following is true?
A) minerals are the building blocks of rocks
B) minerals grow and are destroyed by chemical reactions
C) most minerals at Earth's surface are composed of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra
D) a mineral species has a specific set of physical properties
E) all of the above
Answer: E
5) In the study of minerals, X-ray diffraction measure
A) chemical composition.
B) hardness.
C) density.
D) cleavage.
E) internal structure.
Answer: E
7) The range in chemical composition in a mineral typically results from
A) time and place of origin.
B) ionic substitution.
C) changes in physical properties.
D) inclusions of other mineral grains.
E) change in atomic structure.
Answer: B
8) Ionic substitution is
A) substitution of similar crystal structures in a mineral.
B) substitution of ions within the mineral without a change in a crystalline structure.
C) substitution of an ion for an electron.
D) a change from an atom to an ion.
E) a change in crystal structure.
Answer: B
12) Which of the following is NOT a physical property of a mineral?
A) color
B) crystal form
C) chemical composition
D) hardness
E) density
Answer: C
16) Cleavage is most conspicuous in
A) quartz.
B) chert.
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 1
C) mica.
D) granite.
E) chalk.
Answer: C
17) Properties used in mineral identification include
A) hardness.
B) streak.
C) cleavage.
D) luster.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
18) The property of a mineral that is characterized by breaks along parallel plains of weakness in one or more directions is
called
A) crystal habit.
B) hardness.
C) fracture.
D) luster.
E) cleavage.
Answer: E
19) The color of a finely powdered mineral is called its
A) fracture.
B) cleavage.
C) luster.
D) crystal form.
E) streak.
Answer: E
20) A naturally occurring solid, having a definite chemical composition and an ordered atomic arrangement resulting in a
set of specific physical and chemical properties, is a
A) rock.
B) silicate.
C) ion.
D) mineral.
E) molecule.
Answer: D
21) Weak atomic bonding in one direction in a mineral will result in
A) striation.
B) softness.
C) cleavage.
D) fracture.
E) crystal faces.
Answer: C
23) Crystals or minerals may grow
A) by reorganization of ions in already existing minerals, at high pressure and temperature.
B) condensation from vapors.
C) from molten rock material.
D) from water solutions.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
25) Crystallization of a mineral from a liquid solution
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 2
A) requires a proper pressure.
B) requires a proper concentration of specific atoms or ions.
C) occurs by the addition of atoms to a crystal face.
D) requires a proper temperature.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
26) The most abundant mineral group in Earth's crust is
A) feldspar.
B) mica.
C) olivine.
D) pyroxene.
E) quartz.
Answer: A
27) Which of the following common minerals is most easily dissolved in water?
A) feldspar
B) copper
C) calcite
D) hematite
E) quartz
Answer: C
28) Most rock-forming minerals are
A) sulfides.
B) silicates.
C) oxides.
D) carbonates.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
29) The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is
A) sulfur.
B) calcium.
C) sodium.
D) silicon.
E) oxygen.
Answer: E
31) Mica
A) is a complex silicate.
B) has perfect one-directional cleavage.
C) occurs as two varieties: biotite and muscovite.
D) is formed of thin, elastic flakes.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
32) The most common type of amphibole is
A) hornblende.
B) biotite.
C) olivine.
D) pyroxene.
E) plagioclase.
Answer: A
33) The major mineral found in limestone is
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 3
A) calcite.
B) halite.
C) feldspar.
D) quartz.
E) agate.
Answer: A
34) Which of the following common minerals is NOT a silicate mineral?
A) muscovite (mica)
B) potassium feldspar
C) olivine
D) gypsum
E) hornblende
Answer: D
35) A mineral that commonly shows conchoidal fracture is
A) fluorite.
B) gypsum.
C) quartz.
D) calcite.
E) talc.
Answer: C
37) In silicates, silicon-oxygen tetrahedra may be linked to form all of the following EXCEPT
A) single chains.
B) sheets.
C) double chains.
D) rings.
E) spheres.
Answer: E
40) The silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons in silicate minerals are linked to form larger structures by
A) metallic bonding between silicon ions.
B) sharing silicon ions with other tetrahedral units.
C) X-ray diffraction.
D) sharing of oxygen atoms between tetrahedral units.
E) gravity.
Answer: D
41) Clay minerals are important constituents of
A) volcanic rocks.
B) intrusive rocks.
C) high pressure metamorphic rocks.
D) sandstones.
E) soils.
Answer: E
42) Which of the following is NOT a felsic mineral?
A) feldspar
B) muscovite
C) quartz
D) olivine
Answer: D
44) Which of the following minerals has the highest melting point in the presence water?
A) feldspar
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 4
B) muscovite
C) quartz
D) olivine
E) clay
Answer: D
45) Which of the following is NOT a mafic silicate mineral?
A) quartz
B) olivine
C) pyroxene
D) amphibole
E) All are mafic silicate minerals.
Answer: A
CHAPTER 4–Igneous Rocks
1) Molten rock material, which is the parent substance of all igneous rock, is called
A) basalt.
B) mantle.
C) lava.
D) magma.
E) granite.
Answer: D
2) Which list shows magmas in order of INCREASING viscosity?
A) rhyolite, andesite, basalt
B) andesite, basalt, rhyolite
C) basalt, rhyolite, andesite
D) basalt, andesite, rhyolite
E) rhyolite, basalt, andesite
Answer: D
3) Two stages of cooling are indicated by
A) aphanitic texture.
B) phaneritic texture.
C) glassy texture.
D) porphyritic texture.
E) pyroclastic texture.
Answer: D
4) A rock with an aphanitic texture indicates the parent magma
A) was generated at a divergent plate margin.
B) cooled slowly.
C) cooled rapidly.
D) experienced two periods of cooling, first slow and then fast.
E) formed at convergent plate margins.
Answer: C
5) A rock with a pyroclastic texture in which the fragments are fused together in a coherent mass is best classified as
A) ash-flow tuff.
B) peridotite.
C) obsidian.
D) basalt.
E) diorite.
Answer: A
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 5
6) An igneous rock consisting of broken fragments of crystals, shards of quenched magma, and rock fragments has a
A) pyroclastic texture.
B) phaneritic texture.
C) glassy texture.
D) phanitic texture.
E) porphyritic texture.
Answer: A
7) The two dominant minerals that make up granitic rocks are
A) feldspar and mica.
B) calcite and quartz.
C) quartz and pyroxenes.
D) quartz and feldspar.
E) feldspar and olivine.
Answer: D
8) Granite, rhyolite, and obsidian may have the same
A) post cooling history.
B) texture.
C) chemical composition.
D) structural deformation.
E) cooling history.
Answer: C
12) The largest volcanoes on the Earth are
A) composite volcanoes.
B) cinder cones.
C) spatter cones.
D) stratovolcanoes.
E) shield volcanoes.
Answer: E
13) Which of the following is NOT an igneous intrusion?
A) laccolith
B) dike
C) sill
D) stock
E) pressure ridge
Answer: E
16) Structures formed only when lava erupts underwater are
A) blocks and fissures.
B) pahoehoe flows.
C) vesicles.
D) aa flows.
E) pillow lavas.
Answer: E
17) The cooling of basalt often produces vertical fractures due to shrinkage, and results in hexagonal prisms of rock. These
fractures are called
A) fissures.
B) faults.
C) pahoehoes.
D) pressure ridges.
E) columnar joints.
Answer: E
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 6
18) Batholiths
A) typically form in deeper zones of folded mountain belts.
B) generally cut across the country rock into which they intrude.
C) are commonly exposed in the continental shields.
D) are large masses of coarse, crystalline rock, generally of granitic composition.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
20) The origin of basaltic magma is believed to be from
A) complete melting of the upper mantle.
B) complete melting in the liquid core.
C) partial melting of granitic crust.
D) complete melting of the lithosphere.
E) partial melting of the upper mantle.
Answer: E
21) Most magma that reaches the surface originates
A) from the liquid core.
B) from partial melting in the lower mantle.
C) from partial melting of rock in the upper mantle and the lower crust.
D) from partial melting in the upper zones of the crust.
Answer: C
25) Most granitic magma is generated
A) at spreading zones between oceanic plates.
B) where plates slide past each other horizontally, as at the San Andreas fault.
C) at convergent plate margins.
D) at hot spots related to mantle plumes.
E) in the central part of plates.
Answer: C
26) Volcanic glass is produced by
A) slow cooling.
B) rapid cooling.
C) any two different rates of cooling.
D) rapid cooling followed by slow cooling.
E) slow cooling followed by rapid cooling.
Answer: B
29) The rate of crystallization of an igneous rock will greatly influence its
A) color.
B) grain size.
C) density.
D) chemical composition.
E) all of the above
Answer: B
32) Potassium feldspar is commonly found in
A) granite.
B) andesite.
C) basalt.
D) gabbro.
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 7
33) Which of the following pairs of rock do NOT have the same chemical composition?
A) diorite-andesite.
B) gabbro-basalt.
C) basalt-peridotite.
D) granite-rhyolite.
Answer: C
34) A major difference between silicic and basaltic magma
A) silicic magmas are usually cooler.
B) silicic magmas generally have more water.
C) silicic magmas have higher concentration of SiO2.
D) silicic magmas commonly erupt explosively.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
36) When a typical subduction-related magma differentiates by fractional crystallization, the daughter melts (lower
temperature fractions) become progressively
A) enriched in MgO.
B) depleted in K2O.
C) enriched in CaO.
D) enriched in SiO2.
Answer: D
40) Most volcanic activity on our planet
A) corresponds with active seismic zones.
B) is clearly associated with plate boundaries.
C) occurs at divergent plate boundaries.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
42) Volcanism at convergent plate margins
A) results from dehydration of oceanic crust and partial melting of the overlying wedge of mantle.
B) commonly produces ash flows.
C) is largely andesitic.
D) is violent because the magma is viscous and pressure builds up from trapped gas.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
43) The Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest was formed mainly by
A) vertical uplift of crust.
B) geosynclinal deposition.
C) composite volcanoes.
D) extensive fissure eruptions of basaltic lavas.
E) ash flows.
Answer: D
45) The type of volcanic activity on Earth
A) has changed from mostly explosive to mostly quiet.
B) depends upon the type of plate boundary or tectonic setting.
C) has changed in time from basaltic to andesitic.
D) depends upon the age of the volcanic activity.
E) has evolved from andesitic to basaltic.
Answer: B
Hamblin-Chapter 3-p. 8