Download The Outline of Management Functions on Human Resource Development of Government

The Outline of Management Functions on Human Resource
Development of Government
Su Zuqin
，Zhou Ling
School of Management
South-central University of Nationalities, P.R.China, 430074
Abstract:Human resource as the first resource has already been the core of competition in states and
regions nowadays.This essay analyses the goals the management functions of human resource
development of government and its mode to realize in present situation,which is significant to position
government functions scientifically and promote the development of economy and society of the states
and regions.The aim is to acquire talents in suitable positions talents in best service society harmony.
Keywords:human resource development;human resource management;functions;mode of realizing.
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．Introduction
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1.1 Functions of government,is the resiponsibility or the tasks of authorities in public affairs
administration.Accordingly,Management Functions of Human Resource Development is what the
government should take charge of in human resource development of the whole society(not only the
missionary in department of country).
It’s known that human resource has already been the first resource,which is the core of competition in
states regions as well as units of community nowadays.Therefore the study on management functions of
human resource development and its mode to realize is of great significance in present situation to give
the exemplary role of government,to promote the development of economy and society of the states and
regions.Meanwhile,this study is of great academic significance on the innovation of theory about
functions of modern government.
1.2 Enterprise Management,the fountain of the idea of human resource development.With the
developing of technology and the coming of information economy,human resource management which
core is person gradually have taken place of conventional human resource management which core was
affairs since 20 century 60th.The core of human resource in enterprise is to mobilize the initiative
positivity and creativity of stuff by the means of material and spirit without limited,to exploit the
potential of human being,to manage to the biggest aim of economic benefit of enterprise.
The rule of science development of modern management is that Public Management is leaded by
Enterprise Management.The theory of enterprise management produced at the beginning of 20 century
was introduced into the field of government management,and then into “Reforging Enterpreneur
Government” of America and other western countries in the contemporary era.Each important
innovation of enterprise management has influenced upon public management more or less,earlier or
later.Presently,it’s no doubt that the theory of human resource development of enterprise has already
influenced on the department of public management.For example,the department of human resource of
the People's Republic of China brought forward “integrality of human resource development” as the
work aim,together with some teaching material and composing named “Human Resource Development
of The Department of Government” being published .How eve ,the management functions of human
resource development of Government from pratice into theory is rather weak at least at present
situation of China.From the aspect of practice,the management of human resource development of our
government takes more notice of the missionary of the department of government,but lacks in the
management of human resource development of society,such as the example of “mine disasters”
frequently happened in China.And the weakness of theory study is more obvious.As some
composing--“Human Resource Development of Government” mentioned above are only involved in the
management of officials,not related to the entire management of human resource development in science
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sense.
2 .History investigation
Although the policy of human resource exploration of state existed early in society ,such as the
ancient Sibada took the race policy “superior cultivation for optimal person”;Chinese wise governor also
supported the policy “talent first” .How ever ,conscious humanized and systematized exploration
management of human resource could come true only with the help of modern government.
In ancient society,government functions were simpler,which were limited in the management of
national defence, diplomacy, tax and public security of social and the like. The main reason was that the
idea of human resource in modern society “people-oriented” was not probably to be government’s
political rule in that society with terriblely origional and lag-behind social system and political
culture.Althouth the birth of capitalism countries brought modern democracy institution, capitalism
country had implemented the social policy of “Stronger above Weaker” before 20 century 70th,which
didn’t put the humanized management system of human resource development into practice.In western
country, the government has paid more attention to human resource development management because
of the influential factor of people’s long struggle and the superior role of human capital in international
competition.Nowadays, human resource development has become government’s important function no
matter its social system. For example,American federal government sets up developing department of
human resource of state,management office of human resource of state and protection committee of
talents system of state to assume the management of human resource development together.
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3. Goal
Goal decides behavior,eventually behavior makes the goal come true.Therefore,to make sure the
goal of government human resource development is the key of realizing the function of government
human resource management.
Although lots of similarities of human resource development exist between government and
enterprise, but their differences are also obvious.
From their similarities and differences,economy benefit is their great goal. The main purpose of
enterprise’s human resource development is to cultivate the potential of emloyees, to realize the greatest
service of economic benefit of enterprise.The main purpose of government is to promote the economic
development of country,to realize the goal of its flourish and power.But apparently,there are some
natural differences between them:economic benefit is the main and eventual aim of human resource of
enterprise,and society benefit is government’s goal.
What is social benefit of human resource? Clearly, it means that human being can be regarded as
main and eventual aim during human resource development, not a mean of acquiring economic
benefit.Particularly,we should provide humanized work condition for employees, to safeguard their
economic benefit and respect their personality. The topest state is to help the workers to achieve the aim
of self-develop and self-fulfill.
Apparently,the social benefit of human resource should be the main aim of government. Although we do
not exclud some enterprises which pay more attention to social benefit, for example,carrying out
humanized management,paying attention to worker career development,even taking the self-fulfill of
employees as their goal.However,in the view of enterprise prosperity, they are not the core or popular
phenomeon, or theirs law responsibility. On the contrary,it’s inevitable that the representative and
realizer of public benefit would take social benefit as main and key goal.
Therefore, we can give full and accurate explaination—the goal of human resource development of
modern government is that social benefit are superior combined with economic benefit, that is to say,
Justice priority,efficiency combination.In a word,talents in suitable positions talents in best service
society in harmony citizen happiness.
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4. Basic Principle
Principle is the regulation of behavior,the ultimate safeguard to manage to the aim.The items as follows
should be observed to realize the aim of human resource management of government mentioned above:
People-oriented labor-independent.“People-oriented” is to put human being into center,which is not
to be means or tools but to be purposes.According to this principle,every management rules of human
resource development the plan of human resource development and the management of society
established by Government should be people-oriented, think over and respect the development of
individual,strengthen supervision of employing person from all kinds of organizations of society,chastise
the behavior impinging labourers’ legal rights and interests. The principle of people-oriented is related to
labor-independent,which is to sufficiently respect the will of laborers.
Market-leading government-conducting.The experience of the development of society proved that
the most efficient way of collocation is market.Human resource is the same as other resources.The
reason why China have given up the previous way of human resource in administration means since 20
century 80th is traditional way is inefficient.The system like “possession of talents of units” “tenure” etc.
seriously oppressed the initiative positivity and innovation of labourers.Meanwhile,market is the most
effective means to realize “people-oriented labor-independent” because of its inherent equality.During
the course of commodity exchange,it doesn’t only respect,freedom and equality,but freedom and
equality is also the product of it.“It’s the authentic foundation of freedom and equality.”[1] “The only
pomise of law during the exchange of commodity is the property of one’s own product and free eminent
domain”.[2]So the course of market or commodity exchange substantially is the aggregation of freedom
equality and property affirmed and guaranteed by law.
According to the principle of “market-leading government-conducting”,human resource development
should take the market modulation as principal part.No matter employing officials or employing stuff in
enterprise or other organization of society,it should be in terms of the principle of “two-way choice” to
realize by means of market,which the government shouldn’t intervene by means of
administration.During this course,the responsibility of government is to conduct and supervise,such as
conducting and affecting the market of human resource by plans of human resource
development,supervising the rights and interests impaired laborers.
Justice priority,efficiency combination.The relationship between justice and efficiency actually is the
relationship between the benefit of community and economy.
Justice and efficiency is the basic contravention of the development of modern society,and the basic
contravention in the course of human resource development. Tropism of government,enterprise and
other organization of community certainly is different in this pair of contravention.The later certainly
trends to efficiency,even only considering efficiency,which is desided by the aim of its organization as
we analized above.Based upon the characteristic of commonality, it’s natural that government takes on
the aim of community to realize justice.However,as the spokesman of benefit of commonality,it also
should take the long-range development of society and the benefit of individual of enterprise as well as
other organization of community in account,that is combined with efficiency.For example,government
should establish the standard of minimum wage to prevent the economic rights and interests infringed
upon employees by those representing capital.This standard of wage couldn’t be too low to pretect the
rights and interests of employees----realizing the justice of society,and couldn’t be too high to influence
the positive of those representing capital and results in disturbing the long-range development of
economy of state or region-----being combined with efficiency.Indeed,during the operation of
practice,the standard of minimum wage should take many factors into account,such as the basic
maintenance of state or region,the level of economic development and so on.
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．Functions
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The functions of the government human resource development and management refer to the specific
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roles that the government should take in the development of the human resource. They include the
following aspects:
Making out regulations Regulations are the rules of the social organization and individual actions
which are the basic conditions of the harmonious and orderly run of the society. The modern society is
the law society and the rules mainly manifest the law system. The law of the human resource
development has broad content, such as of the minimum wage policy , working safety, labouring dispute
arbitration, the prohibition of the employing minors and the sexual discrimination, the labour insurance
and so forth.. It is obvious that in the antiquity the government did not interfere into these businesses
which could be promised by the society independently. However at this time being the government must
make out laws due to these two reasons. One reason is that the existence of the complex labour
exchange relations asks for the consolidated and authoritative rules to keep the fine working of the
society as the result of the highly developed economy. The other reason is that the modern government
is the democratic and communal government, keeping the radical justice and fair is its responsibility.
Macroscopic regulation It suggests that governments of different levels formulate human resource
development layout or other policies and measures in order to make a regulation and control of the
human resource.
The development of the modern society has proved that the blind faith in the market can lead to a
low or even negative development of the society because of the defects the market has. In this sense we
can say the macroscopic regulation has crucial significance to the rapid economic development of a
country or an area. So does the human resource development. For instance, the policy of choosing
undergraduates to work in the grass- roots units and the West is the application of the regulation on the
talent market, which is significant in alleviating the job pressure of undergraduates and cultivating
talents.
Information service
Information service means that the relevant functional departments of the
government provide domestic and international information about the human resource market so that the
training units, the employing units and job seekers can all make a correct choice. The strange
phenomenon of the talent overstock and talent insufficiency is closely related with the lack of the
government information service. For example, each university wants to cultivate qualified talents to
meet the needs of the market, but they can not get the accurate information about what kinds of and how
much talents the market needs. So it is difficult for universities to make the proper training plan. The
government can issue the information about the talents the society needs at regular times to induct
universities to make some appropriate adjustment so as to change the status of the disjoint between
talents training and social needs.
Market supervision It mainly refers that the relevant functional departments examine and supervise the
performing of the human resource law and sanction irregularity.
Dispute mediation It means that the government mediates and verdict the dispute as the neutral
according to the law and code.
Nowadays there is much dispute caused by the large amount of labour exchange relations.These
disputes can be solved by the court, but mostly they are cleared up by the government due to the
following reasons. One is that the court can not burden so many disputes. The other is that government
mediation is free and handy which can lighten the burden of the party.
Rights and interests guarantee
It asks to protect the interests of the labours, to alleviate and
prevent the malevolent impairment to the labour interests (such as the cheat in the job application, wage
skimping and etc.). Of course it also asks to protect the legal rights and interests of the investors. For
example, to take strong measures against the leaking and trading out business secrets.
Medium service In China the government should provide some medium service such as talents
evaluating, talents intercommunion, personnel examinations and so on.. These services should be
professional and nonproductive and it should have its own corporation qualification.
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．Functions’ mode of realizing
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Functions’ mode of realizing,is the mode,the ways and the means government adopted during the course
of carrying out functions.In the government management,there are two core questions:what to manage
and how to manage.The former is the functions of government,the later the means and mode of
government management. Only solving these two questions,can government management be scientific
and efficient.Therefore,functions and mode of management is two sides of one problem,which is related
with each other,influences each other and can’t be separated from each other.
In view of macroscopic level,the basic means of government management mainly includes the means of
administration,law,economy and socialization.But,history has proved that the scientific choice of means
of government management is to give priority to the means of law,economy and socialization,assisted
with the means of administration order in the conditions of Market Economy.When it comes to the
management of a certain social business,it’s still necessary to study because of different contents.
As for the management of human resource development,the means of law is to perfect regulation of
law,such as cultivation,use,operation,right guarantee,evaluation and market supervision etc..It makes the
management of human resource development have laws to go by.The means of economy certainly is to
exert economic leverages and adjust the supply and demand and flowage of human resource,such as the
economic encouragement measure the state adopted to encourage talents to western areas or depressed
areas;the tax discount measure to the enterprises which employ a certain number of handicapped and the
like.The economic means should take intiative to expore flexiblely according to the differences of
time,place and conditions.
Scialization means is worthy to be discussed.The socialization of government functions is an obvious
tendency in the developing of nowadays,which is the authorities should transfer some public business
once managed by itself to social organization and make use of the power of social organization or
individual to complete the government aim.In the field of management of human resource
development,socialization means have bright future and achievement.Every taches of human resource
development:cultivation,use,guarantee etc. could be probed into socialization management.For example,
the non-state education would be encouraged to relieve the burden of nation finance in cultivation.The
law aids and functions of labour union should be strengthened to achieve the aim of social justice of
government in beneficial guarantee of labour.
References
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[1]Volume 46 of Marx and Engers(2 ).Beijing:People Press,1980:477(In Chinese),
[2]Volume 46 of Marx and Engers(1st).Beijing:People Press,1979:454(In Chinese),
[3]B.F.Kiker.The Historical Roots of the Concepts of Human Capital.Journal of Political Economy
74(1966.10):pp.48—99,
[4]Stantley Hoffman and Charles Maier(eds,).The Marshall Plan:A Retronspective.Westive
Press,Boulder and London,1984:56,
[5]Xiao Mingzheng.Introduction to Human Resource Development of Chinese Government.Beijing:
Peking University Press.2004:140-160(In Chinese).
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