Download BIOL242LymphImmuneVentChap20,21SEP2012

BIOL242
Objectives Unit 3: Chaps 20 – 22
Chapters 20, 21 – Lymphatic and Immune Systems
1. Know the general function of the lymphatic system and the components that make up
the system (cells, organs, tissues, vessels, etc.)
2. Explain how the lymphatic vessels are similar to the blood vessels (veins). Know how
the lymph capillaries compare to the blood capillaries. Know where lymphatic fluid
originates, where it ends up in the body, and the functions of the thoracic duct and right
lymphatic duct.
3. Know the different types of lymphocytes, where they originate, and where they mature
in the body. Know specific functions for these cells.
4. Know the difference between a lymph node and lymph nodule and examples of each.
Know the areas of a lymph node including the following: capsule, cortex, medulla, deep
cortex, medullary sinus, afferent vessel, and efferent vessel.
5. Know the general functions of the spleen and thymus and their role in the lymphatic
system and immune system.
6. Understand the difference between non-specific and specific immune responses and
the general functions of each. Be able to discuss how each of these non-specific
defenses works in the immune response: physical barriers, phagocytes, natural killer
cells, interferons, complement, inflammation and fever.
7. Know which cells are capable of phagocytosis and know how the process of
phagocytosis works.
8. Know the two pathways for activation of complement. What key protein is responsible
for triggering the rest of the proteins? What key things happen once complement is
activated?
9. Understand the function of MHC markers in the immune response. Know which cells
carry MHC Class I and which cells carry MHC Class II.
10. Know how and why T cells go through selection in the thymus during their
maturation.
11. Know how the T cells work to generate an immune response. How are the helper T
cells activated? What is their role in the immune response? How are cytotoxic T cells
activated? What is their role in the immune response?
12. Know the role of B cells. How are they activated? What happens once they are
activated? Know the structure of an antibody and which part of the protein binds antigen.
Know the general characteristics of the five different classes of antibodies and which
appear during a first and second exposure to an antigen.
Intro. Human Anatomy & Physiology I & II NSCC
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INTERCONNECTEDNESS
BIOL242
Objectives Unit 3: Chaps 20 – 22
13. Know how the immune system (nonspecific and specific) responds to a bacterial
infection and a viral infection.
14. Understand the clonal selection theory.
Chapter 22 – Ventilation/Respiratory System
1. Know the general functions of the respiratory system.
2. Know the composition of the respiratory mucosa (epithelium) from the upper
respiratory tract all the way to the alveoli.
3. Know the general function of the following structures: nose, nasal concha, pharynx,
larynx.
4. Know the structure of the trachea. Why is it important to have C shaped cartilaginous
rings?
5. Know how the structure of the trachea changes as the airways travel into the lungs,
including where the cartilaginous rings become plates of cartilage and where there are
just bands of smooth muscle. Understand why these structural differences are important.
6. Know the structure at the alveoli and the composition of the respiratory membrane.
7. Understand the following laws and how they relate to respiration: Boyles law, Henry's
Law, Dalton's Law.
8. Know what muscles are involved in quiet breathing and forced breathing.
9. Understand why gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient. How is the
exchange of gases different in the lungs and at the tissues?
10. Know how oxygen is transported in the blood. Understand how and why hemoglobin
saturation varies in different temperatures, different pH environments, and different
altitudes.
11. Know the three ways that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. Memorize the
formula (p. 846).
12. Understand how the chemoreceptors work to adjust breathing rate. Under what
conditions would your breathing rate increase? Decrease?
Intro. Human Anatomy & Physiology I & II NSCC
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INTERCONNECTEDNESS