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Name: __________________________________________________________Date: _________________ Checklist for Modeling Cell Division in Response to the Environment: Draft DUE Tuesday, Feb 15, 2010 Remember to just whip out a few pieces of regular sized paper, a pencil, and create your story. Feel free to color it as you like to help you to study better, but I won’t be grading that. I only need to be able to read it and see that all of the necessary information is on there, so please make it neat. Also, don’t put it on any less then two sides and no more than 4 sides of paper. To save paper you can use the front and back of a single piece of paper (2 sides), but you might find that it’s hard to follow your story if you have to keep flipping over your page, so you can use the front side of two pieces of paper – you decide. You can then staple your papers together or tape them together in the way you would want them to be read. In this model you will concentrate on telling a story of how a cell grows and divides in response to its environment. Tell it as you would tell a colleague interested in how this aspect of biology works. The objective of the poster is to help you to learn how cells grow and divide in response to their environment through signal transduction, transcription, translation, DNA replication, and the cell cycle by telling a story. One suggestion of how your story might flow is written below. Use this as a guide to write your story in both pictures and words. 1) A signal molecule on the outside of the cell binds to a membrane receptor protein on the cell’s plasma membrane. 2) This event triggers a signal transduction pathway inside the cell that causes the cell to enter the cell cycle by activating gene transcription (include a diagram of the cell cycle off to the side). [During the G1 and G2 phases of interphase the cell must double everything in its cytoplasm. It does this by doubling its number of proteins that can then work to double the number of its organelles. It doubles the number of its proteins through the activation of the genes that code for the proteins that the cell needs. (Remember Beadle and Tatum? One gene – One enzyme! So the cell needs to activate all of the different genes that are needed to make all of the different proteins in a cell.)] 3) So, during interphase, that initial signal transduction pathway activates gene transcription inside the nucleus that results in the production of all these different mRNAs. Show the details of a generic example either in your story or off to the side. 4) In the cytoplasm, ribosomes then translate all of these different mRNAs into all of the different proteins that can then go on to do their jobs in the cell. Show the details of a generic example either in your story or off to the side. [Not only does the cell have to double all of its proteins and organelles, but it also has to duplicate its DNA so that each daughter cell has an exact copy of its genetic instructions.] 5) During the S phase of interphase, all of the cell’s DNA is duplicated through the process called DNA replication. Show the details of a generic example either in your story or off to the side. [Once all of the cytoplasm and DNA have been duplicated, the cell can now begin to divide.] 6) The cell now enters the Mitotic phase, and through a series of very carefully orchestrated events, the DNA is now evenly divided among the two daughter cells and cytokinesis finishes the job by dividing up the cytoplasm. Include a diagram of all the steps either in your story or off to the side. We now have two new daughter cells that carry the exact same genetic material as the parental cell …all thanks to that initial signal molecule. OK, so let’s get started! Here is a checklist of the following terms and concepts that you should include in your story of how a cell divides in response to the environment. A picture that tells the story outlined above. (6 points) Signal Transduction: (2 points) Signal molecule Plasma membrane Membrane receptor protein Signal transduction pathway Transcription factor Nuclear membrane DNA Cell Cycle: (2 points) Diagram of the cell cycle o Interphase G1, S, G2 phases o Mitotic phase (M phase) A description of what happens in each phase An example of Transcription: (2 points) DNA (G,A,T,C) RNA (G,A,U,C) RNA polymerase promoter An example of Translation: (2 points) mRNA tRNA amino acids codon anticodon ribosome gene terminator cap tail An example of DNA Replication: (2 points) DNA (G,A,T,C) DNA polymerase origin of replication parental strand A complete picture of Mitosis: (4 points) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis Score: /20 Comments: plasma membrane nuclear membrane sister chromatids centromeres centrosomes introns nucleus polypeptide cytoplasm daughter strand mitotic spindle daughter chromosomes cleavage furrow