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Canada’s Geographic Regions Chart Based on Student Presentations Mr. Fitton Block 1/2 Appalachian Region Land Vegetation Climate •Mountain ranges, highlands, lowlands, coastal land and lakes •Rich agricultural areas •Mining, fishing, logging •Mountains made 300,000 years ago, then eroded •Mixed forests of deciduous and conifers •Large maple syrup production •Low shrubs and ample grasses •marshlands •Affected by Labrador (cold) and Gulf Stream (hot) currents. •Ideal for fishing •Maritime climate Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowland Land Vegetation •Smallest physical •Fertile soils region •Between Canadian Shield and Appalachians •Maple, Birch, Hickory Climate •Humid continental climate (great lakes) •Deciduous and coniferous •Winters = cool to cold, •Rolling landscape trees. summers= (due to glaciation) warm to hot •Flat plains Interior Plains Land •20% of Canada’s landmass •low, gently rolling, gradually sloping down--west to east •‘Stable’ geological region •Valuable deposits oil/gas, gold, coal, uranium (former reefs) •Flat/fertile lakebeds some of best farmland in Prairies Vegetation Climate •Deciduous •Tornadoes trees, evergreens, prairie grasses, boreal forest in northern part Canadian Shield Land •covers about half of Canada •made up of extremely ancient rock •region lies from 180 to 370 meters above sea level •consists largely of low hills and thousands of lakes •valuable deposits of platinum, silver, zinc, and other metals Vegetation •high northern areas are tundra, like Arctic zone •Boreal (evergreen) forests dominate •deciduous forests in south Climate •North = winters = long and cold, summers = short and cool Western Mountains /Cordillera Land Vegetation •Formed between 230 and 25 million years ago • 800 km wide 2000 km length •Made up of three mountain systems: Coast, Rocky, Columbia •High rugged mountains, plateaus, valleys, rivers, lakes, canyons •Forestry, mining: lead, zinc, copper, gold, silver •vegetation includes: Douglas fir, forage grass, white spruce, lodge pole pine, ponderosa pine, and many other grasses and bushes Climate •Maritime Climate. •Moist and mild •Summers are cooler. Intermountain Region Land •Streams and rivers flow into lakes, or desert sinks not ocean •Thinly populated •High plateaus •Contains deserts Vegetation •Grasslands •Semi-desert plants Climate •Within a rain shadow •Cool and wet winters or hot and dry. Hudson Bay Lowlands Land •Landscape is characterized by its forests •Large areas of wetlands are common in this region Vegetation Wildlife •66% of Ontario (174 million acres) is forested •4 different types of forests, each with unique features •Most common species of tree is the Black Spruce •woodland caribou, polar bear, arctic fox, and arctic hare •In summer, migratory birds nest here, such as Canada geese, snow geese and other waterfowl •mosquitoes High Arctic Islands Land Vegetation Climate •mostly low-lying islands and parts of northern shore of Canada •large areas of rock and boggy plains •thin soils •ground remains frozen year-round • permafrost •sea ice forms in the winter •considered polar desert •small plants, mosses and lowgrowing shrubs •vegetation known as tundra -plants grow very slowly •thin soil, cold, little pre-cipitation, short summers and permafrost •dwarf willow •Severe; winter lasts for ten months •A form of desert – very little precipitation (too cold to snow) Arctic Lowlands Land Vegetation •covers one fifth of earth's surface •glaciers, plains, islands, and lowlands •three ancient land masses made of granite and gneiss, which are called shields •open rolling plains •two main vegetation zones: subarctic, mostly circumpolar boreal forest. •north is Arctic proper, vegetation called tundra •shrubs, sedges, lichens, and small flowering plants Wildlife •Previous slide indicated.