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Geography in America Chapter 1 Sections 1-4 5 Themes of Geography • • • • • Location Place Interaction Movement Region Location Location Absolute and Relative Absolute Location is measure using latitude and longitude, and gives an exact location. Latitude – Lines measuring north and south from the equator Longitude – Lines measuring east and west from the prime meridian Relative Location – A general description of a location Examples Place • Description of a place in terms of physical and human features. • Physical Features – climate, soil, plant life, animal life, and bodies of water. naturally occurring • Human Features – anything created by mankind, buildings, roads, etc… Interaction • Interaction between people and their environment. • Do we adapt to our environment, or do we adapt our environment to us? • How do you effect your environment? Movement • This details the movement of people, goods, and ideas. • Population movement • Goods moving throughout the country • Ideas move throughout the country and world over the web. Region • Areas of the world that share similar characteristics. • Physical characteristics like mountains or bodies of water can be used. • Size is not a factor. Maps and Globes • Maps - A flat drawing of the earths surface • Globes – a sphere with a map placed onto it’s surface. (more accurate) • Mercator Projection – done in 1569 this shows the accurate shapes of the landforms, but distorts their sizes. • Robinson Projection – correct size, shape and relationship between the landmasses. Robinson Projection Mercator Projection Using the Map • Equator – imaginary line that divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres. 0 degrees • Prime Meridian – imaginary line that divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres Time Zones Types of Landforms • Mountains – steep elevations over 1000 ft above sea level. Shown on a map with relief or shading. • Hills – lower than mountains less rugged and rounder at the top. • Plains – level areas that are easily settled. • Plateaus – areas of elevated level land like a mountain that had it’s top cut clean off. Physical Regions • Pacific Coast – tall mountainous regions (Cascades) • Intermountain – In between the Cascade and Rocky Mtns. • Rocky Mountains • Interior Plains • Appalachian Mountains • Coastal Plains • Canadian Shield • Hawaii Rivers • Missouri River • Mississippi River • Tributaries smaller rivers that run into larger rivers • Ohio, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Platte Rivers. Lakes • Great lakes form the northern border between Canada and the USA • Superior • Michigan • Huron • Erie • Ontario Climates of the USA • • • • • • • • • Marine Mediterranean Highland Steppe Desert Humid Continental Humid Subtropics Tropical Tundra and Subarctic