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Shaping and reshaping Landforms are the natural features of the Earth’s surface. They are the landscapes around us. They are shaped by volcanoes, earthquakes, uplifts, weathering, and erosion. These landforms have names. A valley is a hollow or surface depression of the earth bounded by hills or mountains, a natural trough in the earth's surface, that slopes down to a stream, lake or the ocean, formed by water and/or ice erosion. A plateau is a large highland area of fairly level land separated from surrounding land by steep slopes. Bowl shaped area of land that either does or used to hold water. Mountains are created by tremendous forces in the earth with a steep top usually shaped up to a peak or ridge. Mountains occur more often in oceans than on land. Mountains are formed by volcanism, erosion, and disturbances or uplift in the earth's crust. Plains are broad, nearly level stretches of land that have no great changes in elevation. Plains are generally lower than the land around them; they may be found along a coast or inland. Coastal plains generally rise from sea level until they meet higher landforms such as mountains or plateaus. Inland plains may be found at high altitudes. Hills are elevations of the earth's surface that have distinct summits, but are lower in elevation than mountains. Hills may be formed by a buildup of rock debris or sand deposited by glaciers and wind. Hills may be created by faults. Ice sheets and glaciers form the largest component of persistent ice on this planet. Over 75% of the world's fresh water is presently locked up in these frozen reservoirs. A steep walled valley created by a river or a stream. Large body of water surrounded by land. Man made storage area for fresh water. Large natural stream that flows into a larger body of water. Part of river that empties into another body of water. Deposit of sediment where a stream enters a large body of water. A water ecosystem such as mud flats, swamps, and marshes. a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward. a very large expanse of sea, in particular, each of the main areas into which the sea is divided geographically. a pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the ocean between high- and low-water marks a piece of land surrounded completely by water. the expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its landmasses. a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water. a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth.