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Physics project Earth has many different types of landforms. Some of the major types include mountains, valleys, plateaus, glaciers, hills, loess, plains, and deserts. These landforms are created by a variety of natural forces such as erosion from water and wind, plate movement, folding and faulting, and volcanic activity. Mountains can arise where the Earth’s crust experienced folding or faulting. Fault-block mountains are formed when Earth’s crust cracked and was pushed upward. Volcanic mountains form when hot magma from deep in Earth’s interior breaks through the crust and builds up on the surface. Plains are mostly level topography that ranges from gently rolling too completely flat. Such landforms are common in areas of extensive sediment accumulation. Higher-elevation plains also exist. Plateaus can be thought of as elevated plains – that is, elevated flattish areas – bordered on at least one side by lower-lying land and often edged by fairly abrupt scarps. These terrain features may derive from very old mountains eroded down over time, while others form by block-faulting. As for the principle of conservation of energy, it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another. For example, when an object is lifted to a certain height above the ground, it gains potential energy due to its position. When it is released and falls back to the ground, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it gains speed. Here’s a simple model to illustrate this conversion: Imagine a ball at the top of a hill. The ball has potential energy due to its position at the top of the hill. When the ball rolls down the hill, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it gains speed. At the bottom of the hill, all of its potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy.