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What is Geography?
Is this Geography?
Is this Geography?
What about this?
What is Geography?
 Geography- The study of land, its landforms, and the
people that live on the land.
 Geography is also concerned with where things are and
why they are there.


Where do people live?
Why is it hot some places, but cold in others?
Two Types of Geography
 Physical Geography
 Physical Land Masses that we see on the map (North
America, South America, Europe, etc.)
 Physical Landforms (such as mountains, plains, and
valleys)
 Bodies of Water (such as lakes, rivers, and oceans)
 Also man-made aspects of Physical geography


Buildings
Highways
Physical Geography
Two Types of Geography
 Human Geography
 Where people live? Why do we live where we live?
 How do certain cultures interact with the land in which
they live?
 How do humans interact with each other?
Human Geography
5 Themes of Geography
 Location- Where something is
 Relative Location- Where something is compared to
something else

Ex. Navo is in Paloma Creek. It is next to the fire station.
 Absolute Location- The exact point where something is.
You can use latitude and longitude to find it.

Ex. 33° N, 101 ° W
5 Themes of Geography
 Place- what a location is like
 Ex. Texas has a hot climate
 Ex. Texas is very large
 Ex. Texas has the 2nd most people of any state
5 Themes of Geography
 Human-Environment Interaction- how do humans
affect where they live and how does where someone
lives affect them?
 Ex. Are all the trees and plants native to that place?
 Ex. How do people dress where they live?
Human-Environment Interactions
5 Themes of Geography
 Movement- how people, goods, and ideas get from
one place to another
 People migrating from one place to another
 Goods such as food and clothing being shipped to new
markets
 Ideas like fashion trends and other new concepts getting
to new locations.
Movement
5 Themes of Geography
 Region
 A geographical area that has shared features
 The features could be different from every region


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Cultural region
Political region
Physical landscape region
Region
Finding Locations
 To find specific locations on a map we use Latitude
and Longitude. This helps us find the absolute
locations.
 Latitude- Imaginary lines that run side to side but
measure North and South.

Examples- The equator, The tropics, The arctic circle
 Longitude- Imaginary lines that run up and down but
measure east and west


Also called Meridians
Examples- The Prime Meridian and The International
Dateline
Finding Locations Continued
 When finding a location on a map, find latitude first
then find longitude. Where the two lines cross is the
location.
 Locations are written latitude, longitude.
 The equator is 00 latitude

The Equator splits the Earth into North and South
hemispheres
 The Prime Meridian is 00 Longitude.

The Prime Meridian splits the earth into East and West
Hemispheres.
Latitude and Longitude
Find the Locations
 400 North, 1000 West
 600 North, 1000 East
 200 South, 1200 East
 00 , 800 West
 400 North, 1000 East
Find the Locations
 400 North, 00
 200 North, 1000 West
 300 South, 20 0 East
 200 North, 800 East
 200 South, 1200 West
Answers
 1. United States
 2. Russia
 3. Australia
 4. Ecuador
 5. China
 6. Spain
 7. Mexico
 8. South Africa
 9. India
 10. Pacific Ocean
Maps
 Scale
 How the measurements on maps compare to the real life
measurements
 Scale can be shown in 3 ways



In words
 Ex. 1 inch= 100 miles
With a graphic
With a fraction 1/100
Projection
 Projections help take the round earth and put it onto a
flat map.
 All maps are somewhat distorted, but projections help
us reduce the distortion.
Types of Maps and Map
Features
 Physical Map
 Shows what types of landforms and the landscape of the
area shown on the map

Ex. Shows mountains, lakes, rivers
 Political Map
 A map that shows the boundaries of certain areas.

Ex. The states in a United States map
 Legend
 Shows what kind of symbols are represented on the
map.
Texas Regions
 Coastal Plains
 Includes 1/3 of Texas land and
is the biggest region in Texas
 Most of Texas’ largest cities
are located in the coastal
plains
 About 2 out of 3 people in
Texas live in the coastal plains
 It is located from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Balcones
escarpment
Texas Regions
 North Central Plains Region
 Mostly grassland area with some small shrubs and small
trees
 Rolling hills
 The land gets dryer as you move west
Texas Regions
 Great Plains
 Made up of 3 sub regions
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Llano Basin
Edwards Plateau
High Plains
 Mostly dry and not much vegetation
Texas Regions
 Mountains and Basins
 Alternating Mountains and Valleys.

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Mountains= high elevation
Valleys= low elevation
 Some places have lots of vegetation
 Others have very little and are like deserts.