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Bell work for 8/24
On your bellwork sheet, write at least three
ways that World Geography will be useful
to you in your life.
You should think of things like culture, travel,
etc…
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Looking at the Earth
Main Ideas
Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography
• Geographers view the world
•
in terms of the use of space.
Geographers study the world
by looking at location, place,
region, movement, and
human-environment
interaction.
continued . . .
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Summary
Location
The Five Themes of Geography
• Absolute Location is the exact place on the earth
where a geographic
feature is found.
• Relative Location describes a place in comparison to
other places
around it.
continued . . .
Hemisphere
• This is the
name for half
of the earth.
Equator
• The name for 0 degrees latitude.
• This line divides the earth into
northern and southern
hemispheres.
Prime Meridian
• This is the name for 0 degrees
longitude.
• It separates the earth into eastern
and western hemispheres.
• It runs through Greenwich England.
Latitude
• These lines measure distance
north and south of the equator.
• An alternate name for these lines
are parallels because they are
parallel, meaning that they never
meet.
Longitude
• These lines run from the north
pole to the south pole where they
meet.
• They are used to measure distance
east and west of the Prime
Meridian, which is o degrees
longitude.
• They are also called meridians.
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Looking at the Earth
The Five Themes of Geography
Place
Place describes the physical features and cultural
characteristics of a location.
Region
Region describes an area of the earth’s surface with
similar characteristics, usually more than one. These
may include physical, political, economic, or cultural
characteristics.
continued . . .
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Looking at the Earth
The Five Themes of Geography
Movement
How and why people, plants, animals, and ideas move
through time
and place.
Human–Environment Interaction
People learn to use what the environment offers them
and to change that environment to meet their needs.
continued . . .
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Looking at the Earth
The Geographer’s Tools
Globe
A three-dimensional representation of the earth.
Map
A two-dimensional representation of the earth.
Mapmaking
• Area is surveyed.
• High-tech tools, including satellites, are used to gather
continued . . .
data and create maps.
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Map Elements
Maps have elements such as a legend to aid in
interpreting them.
Scale
This determines how much detail is shown on a map.
Grid
Gridlines help to determine absolute location.
continued . . .
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Projection
This shows the earth’s surface in two dimensions
but distorts either size, shape, direction, or area.
Types of Maps
These include physical, political, and thematic,
such as qualitative, cartographic, or flow-line.
continued . . .
Parts of a Map:
Title
• This explains the
subject of the map.
Compass Rose
• This is a directional
indicator: east-west-northsouth.
Labels
• Words or phrases that
explain features on the
map.
Legend (Key)
• List and explains the
symbols and use of colors
on the map.
Scale
• Shows the ratio between
a unit of length on the
map and a unit of
distance on the earth.
Symbols
• Represent such items as
capital cities, economic
activities or natural
resources.
Colors
• Can represent a variety
of information: political
divisions, climate, and
vegetation.
Map Projections: Azimuthal
(Also Planar or Polar)
Distance and
direction are
accurate if line of
travel is through
the polar regions.
Cylindrical
Mercator
• A cylindrical
map. Distances
between the land
masses are
accurate in the
mid-latitudes are
accurate.
Homolosine (Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area)
• True size and shape of the land
masses, but the distances are
inaccurate.
Robinson
• Shapes or areas near the poles
appear flat, but it is otherwise
very accurate.
Most helpful to sailors?
• Mercator: because the
distances between the major
landmasses in the mid-latitudes
are very accurate.
Best for airline pilots?
• Due to the Great circle route
polar maps work well.
Thematic Maps: Qualitative
• Use colors, symbols, and
lines to help show patterns
related to specific ideas.
Cartograms
• Presents information about a
country based on data. The size
of each country is drawn in
proportion to the data and not
based on actual geographic
size.
Flow-Line Maps
• Illustrate movement of
people, goods, ideas, etc.
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Places & Terms
1. What are the imaginary parallel
lines that circle the earth called?
latitude lines
continued . . .
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2. What marks the beginning of longitude?
the prime meridian
continued . . .
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3. What has 180º in each hemisphere?
longitude
continued . . .
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4. How may hemispheres be divided?
north and south or east and
west
continued . . .
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5. What imaginary line separates the
Northern Hemisphere from the Southern
Hemisphere?
the equator
continued . . .
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6. Which term is also known as
a meridian line?
longitude lines
continued . . .
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7. Would a cartographer work on
a map or a globe?
A cartographer would work on
both.
continued . . .
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8. Why are map
projections needed?
They are needed to represent
our three-dimensional world in
two dimensions.
continued . . .
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The Five Themes of Geography
1. How is absolute location different
from relative location?
Absolute location gives an exact position
of a feature on the earth’s surface.
Relative location describes the feature’s
relationship to other features on the
earth.
continued . . .
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The Five Themes of Geography
2. What are some examples of
information that would be included in a
place description?
physical features such as rivers or
mountains, human-made features such
as cities, highways, and cultural aspects
continued . . .
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The Five Themes of Geography
3. How is place different from region?
Place describes what a location is like. Region
describes how places are similar or different.
continued . . .
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4. Why do geographers study movement?
Geographers study movement to understand how
people, goods, and ideas move from place to place.
continued . . .
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The Geographer’s Tools
1. What is the purpose of a map?
A map shows the locations of places on the earth
and of one place relative to another.
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2. How do satellites aid in mapmaking?
Satellites provide accurate data for a map.
continued . . .
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3. Why is GIS a valuable tool for examining the
geography of a place?
It enables geographers to view many different
aspects of a specific place.
continued . . .
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Geographic Challenge
1. Why was it necessary for geographers to
develop a grid system?
Because the earth is round, it is necessary to create
a method of marking a location. Without the grid
system, there would be no accurate reference
points.
continued . . .
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