Download Computer Systems

COMPUTER SYSTEMS
By Abdul Jakaria
INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
Input & Output Devices- In computing,
input/output, or I/O, refers to the communication
between an information processing system(such
as a computer), and the outside world, possibly a
human, or another information processing
system.
 For instance, a keyboard or a mouse may be an
input device for a computer, while monitors and
printers are considered output devices for a
computer. Devices for communication between
computers, such as modems and network cards,
typically serve for both input and output.

WHAT IS COMPUTER HARDWARE?
There are many types of hardware here are a few
of the following:
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Monitor
 Speakers
 Microphones/ Headphones
 USB- Memory Sticks

WHAT IS COMPUTER SOFTWARE?
Computer software are programmes that are on
the computer to make it work or files that allow
you to create or install.
 The main types of computer software are:
 Programming software
 System software
 Application software

SOFTWARE
MAKES
MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Motherboard- A motherboard is the central printed circuit
board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of
the crucial components of the system.
Internal Components
RAM- Random Access Memory- The most common
computer memory which can be used by programs to perform
necessary tasks while the computer is on.
Hard Drive- A hard disk drive is a non-volatile storage
device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating
rigid.
Mouse- A hand-operated electronic device
that controls the coordinates of a cursor on your
computer screen as you move it around on a
pad.
Graphics Card- A video card, video adapter, graphics-
Keyboard- In computing, a keyboard is an
accelerator card, display adapter or graphics card is an
expansion card whose function is to generate and output
images to a display.
input device, partially modelled after the
typewriter keyboard, which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys.
CPU- Central Processing Unit, or processor. The active
Monitor- A piece of electronic equipment that
device that fetched machine instructions from memory and
executed them.
keeps track of the operation of a system
continuously and warns of trouble.
Speakers- Speakers Create audio from
digital information within the computer.
External Components
USB- Universal Serial Bus. USB is a
technology for high-speed data transfer over a
cable.
--STUDENT-
A student would use a basic computer
with ordinary software which comes with
the computer itself, this includes
Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint etc.

They may need a powerful computer to
make sure it works effectively and it
doesn’t brake down quickly for e.g.
--GAMER-A gamer would need a powerful computer which
includes a dominant graphics card to enjoy their
time playing games they may also need high
definition speakers to make the game feel more fun
and enjoyable.


They may need a powerful graphics card to make
sure it works effectively and it doesn’t brake down
quickly and that the game you are playing has a
really good high resolution for the images showing
up on your screen for e.g. ‘Alienware’
--GRAPHIC DESIGNER-A graphic designer would need a computer
for designing photos and creating images
this is for he high resolution to make the
graphical pixels look better for e.g. they
would need Photoshop or Fireworks to
design their images.
They may need a powerful computer to make
sure that the software they are using works
effectively and it doesn’t brake down quickly
for e.g. ‘NVIDIA's Quadro FX 5800 with 4GB graphics

memory is ‘the most powerful graphics card in history’
TOPOLOGY’S
Bus Network
A network in which all nodes share a
common pathway called the bus. A bus
network topology is a network
architecture in which a set of clients are
connected via a shared communications
line, called a bus. There are several
common instances of the bus
architecture, including one in the
motherboard of most computers, and
those in some versions of Ethernet
networks.

RING NETWORK
Ring Network
A ring network is a network
topology in which each node
connects to exactly two other
nodes, forming a single
continuous pathway for signals
through each node - a ring. Data
travels from node to node, with
each node along the way
handling every packet. A basic
networking configuration in which
all nodes are connected in a
circle with no terminated ends on
the cable.

STAR NETWORK
Star Network
One of the three principal
topologies used in LANs. All
devices are connected to a
central hub. Star networks are
relatively easy to install and
manage, but bottlenecks can
occur because all data must
pass through the hub. See also
bus topology and ring topology.
The topology of a network whose
components are connected to a
hub

MESH NETWORK
Mesh Network
Mesh Topologies connect
devices with multiple paths
so that redundancies exist.
All devices are crossconnected so the best path
can be chosen at any given
moment. The topology of a
network whose
components are all
connected directly to every
other component.

PERIPHERAL AND COMPONENTS

The deference between a peripheral and a component is that a
component is type of a hardware is essential to the running of the
computer for e.g. CPU or Motherboard. A peripheral is a type of
hardware which isn’t essential to the running of the computer.
Definition

-
“A component is a part of something - usually a necessary part.”
“A peripheral is an adjunct, an accessory, not something
required.”
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_Com
ponent_and_Peripheral
SET UP A NETWORK FOR A SMALL COMPANY 
The reason why I have added a ‘Switch’ is because, it helps connect all the
computers together so this means all the computers can connect and
interact. I have also added a ‘Fast Switch’ to speed things up so the
computers are running fast and efficient. I have used an ISDN cable to make
sure all the computers are connecting to the internet. The information I am
getting back is “The network is operating very well. You will experience very
few problems in transferring data across the network.” This means my overall
percentage rating is ‘1%’ on the Network utilisation indicator.
The image on the left hand side is
showing a reasonable working
network I have put in the
following:
•10 Desk top computers
• 5 Wireless Laptops (Not
Included in the image)
•1Laser Printer
•1Standard Phone connection
•1 Switch
•1 Fast Switch
•1Router
•1 ISDN Cable (Internet)
•17 Cat e5 Cables
•1 SCSI Cable
•1 Web Cache
•1 Print Server
•1 File Server
•1Email Server
•1 Multimedia Server
• 1 Tape Drive