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Ethernet Basics – 8 Routers Routers and Routing • Definition of a router- A device which provides a path from a node on one network or subnet to a node on another network • Definition of routing- the process of determining and end-to-end path between the sender and the receiver of a packet. There are 2 types: – Source routing- the source node determines the route and includes it in special fields in the data frame. Source route bridging in Token Ring uses source. – Hop-by-hop- The route between source and destination is determined along the way, hop by hop. Most routing protocols are hop-by-hop based. • The routing protocols most used are RIP, RIPII and OSPF for standard protocols. They will be discussed in greater detail during the Routing/Layer 3 presentation Routers • A router has 2 main functions: – Connect networks together – Block broadcasts • All the other functions that we have seen routers do are add-ons and are not part of the root functionality • For routers to learn where the different networks are located within an area, a routing protocol is used to tell routers what network is off what router. There are 2 ways to do this… – Static- you manually script on each router where all the networks are. This is very time and maintenance intensive – Dynamic- the routing protocol itself learns the attached networks and sends this information automatically between all the routers. • Routing Table- This table holds all the IP/Network layer information for the router much like the forwarding database on a switch holds the layer 2 location information for end devices. It also called an ARP cache for end device information. Router- Network Layer Broadcast Domain Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Hub Computer Computer Computer Computer 192.168.2.x 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Broadcast Domain Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Computer Hub Computer Hub Computer Hub Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer Computer Broadcast Domain Routers divide broadcast domains And connect networks Computer Hub Computer Computer Computer Computer Hub Computer 192.168.3.x 255.255.255.0 Computer Thank You If you have any questions or comments about this presentation, email us at [email protected] Or Skype us at Ethernet Direct1