Download Copy of Notes for Unit Plan - Humble Independent School District

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a. Are machines that can store, retrieve
and process information
b. Classified by size and power
c. Break down into the five main
following types:
1. personal computer (PC): single user
computer: desktop, laptop
2. work station: single user computer;
more powerful microprocessor than PCs
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3. minicomputer: multi-user computer
designed to handle hundreds of users at
the same time
4. mainframe: a powerful, multi-user
computer; can support hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously
5. supercomputer: an extremely fast
computer; can perform hundreds of
millions of instructions every second
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a.
Are programs that act as a translator between a
computer user and the computer itself
b. Control and manage all other programs that a
computer contains
c. Are the master program that makes everything
else run
d. Can be considered the core software on a
computer that links the hardware, software and
the computer user
Hardware: the physical and mechanical components of a
computer such as: monitor, mouse, chips, keyboard, etc.
Software: programs that direct the operation of
computers; instructions for a computer
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Include the following four general types:
1. real time operating systems (RTOS)
2. single-user, single task operating
systems
3. single-user, multi-tasking operating
systems
4. multi-user operating systems
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• Are used to control the following:
• machinery
• scientific tools
• industrial instruments
• Do not allow the user to have much
control over the system
• Thermostats, mobile phones,
spacecrafts, etc.
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• Allow users to do only one thing at any
given time
• Not very efficient in business
environment
• Include Smart Phones (1 app at a time)
Application (app): a computer
program that performs a specific
task
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• Are the most common type found on
PCs
• Allow user to run several computer
applications at the same time
• Windows (Microsoft) – runs on 90% of
all PC’s
• and Macintosh (Apple) platforms
• Utilize GUI to make it easier on user
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• Examples of GUI tools:
–
–
–
–
–
pointing device
icons
desktop
windows
menus
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• Allow multiple users to simultaneously
use the programs on a single computer
• Only users who have the necessary
knowledge to use the system
• Complex systems; require a lot of
upkeep and maintenance
• Types: Unix and Linux OS
Computer Programmer: a person who designs,
writes and installs computer programs and
applications
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Real-Time
Operating
Systems
Single-User, Single-Task
Single-User, Multi-Tasking
Machinery
Scientific Tools
Industrial Instruments
Smart Phones
Windows
GUI
Macintosh
Multi-User
Unix
Linux
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a. Is a system for communication
between two or more computers
b. Enables users to share information
and devices through the system
c. Allows users to exchange software,
hardware and other data
d. Uses a cable or wireless connection
to run
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1.
2.
3.
Connect computers without the use of wires
and cables
Uses electromagnetic waves to transmit
information
Are also used for telephones that are not
connected to the wall
4. examples: cordless phones and cellular
phones
Electromagnetic Waves: a method of travel for
information from computer to computer; consists of
light waves, radio waves, microwaves, etc.
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Break down into the following main types
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Controlled Area Network
Personal Area Network
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• Are local, privately owned networks
• Have a high speed and low error rate
• Are able to be measured in meters because
of their small geographical size
• Typically means that the computers in the
network are within the same building or
office
Error Rate: the number of times an area network
does not function properly compared to the total
number of times the network is accessed
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• Networks that provide connections
between computers in multiple
locations
• Cover a significantly larger area than
LANs
• Can be used to connect different office
locations of a large company
• Consist of several LANs linked
together to create a larger network
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• Cover an area the size of an average
to large city
• High-speed networks designed to link
together metropolitan size areas,
campuses or school districts
• Fall between the size of LANs and
WANs
• Cover about 80 kilometers worth of
distance
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• Are used for real-time control
operations
– temperature, time, etc.
• Was originally developed for use in
vehicles (On-star)
• Has excellent error protection to
prevent problems
• Sends shorter messages than other
networks
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• Usually cover the small area around a
user’s workspace
• Allow users to transfer files and gain
access to printers and other nearby
hardware
• Cover a range of up to 10 meters in
distance
• Used to connect devices that a single
person uses with their computer
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Break down into the following main types
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Controlled Area Network
Personal Area Network
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1. Is a worldwide, publicly accessed
network
2. Allows interconnected computer
networks to transmit data back and forth
3. Enables contact between companies,
individuals, academic institutions, etc.
4. Consists of approximately 60,000
independent networks and 350 million
active users
5. Is doubling in size each year
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1. Allows users to send messages from
one computer to another through the
Internet
2. Is a quick, easy and efficient way to
send and retrieve data
3. Utilizes programs such as
– Instant messenger
– online chat rooms
– e-mail
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1. Allows multiple users to access the same
equipment such as fax machines, printers or
common files stored in one central place
2. Used so that several people can access the
Internet and other computer programs
simultaneously
3. Also called client-servers or network servers
4. Store an abundant amount of information
5. Manage the resources of a network of
computers
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• Depends on the size of a home or
business in which it will run
• Increases in size as the speed
increases and vice versa
• Increases and decreases along with
the number of users
• Can be as small as a keyboard or as
big as a whole room
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1. Serve as a security device between a
computer and Internet sites or
between multiple computer networks
2. Inspect network traffic passing
between computer networks
3. Shield networks from unauthorized
visits
4. Can also restrict unwanted data from
flowing outside of a network
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1. Serves as a unique identification for a
computer on a network
2. Helps distinguish individual computers since
there are millions on the Internet these days
3. Determines where information needs to be
delivered
4. Serves the same purpose as a street
address
Example: (172.16.122.204)
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Wide Area Network
Connect computers in
multiple locations
Local Area Network
Local, privately owned
Metropolitan Area Network
Covers an average to large city
Networking Messaging
AOL instant messenger, chat
rooms, e-mail
Controlled Area Network
Networks
Real-time operations
Firewalls
Security system
Personal Area Network
Area around computer
workspace
TCP/IP
Computer ID on Network
Internet
Worldwide, public network
Your Name
• Input device – allow user to input data into
a computer……..keyboard, mouse
• CD/DVD – stores data on its surface in a
circular track
• Binary Code – system using 0’s and 1’s
• Mouse – old kind includes tracking ball
• Transistors – tiny circuit board with
millions of switches
• Clock – gives a pulse to CPU, like a
drumbeat.
1. A work station is a powerful, multi-user
computer that can support hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
a. true
b. false
2. Hardware is the physical and mechanical
components of a computer such as the
monitor, mouse, chips and keyboard.
a. true
b. false
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3. A personal digital assistant (pda) is an
example of a real-time operating system.
a. true
b. false
4. Metropolitan is a network that covers an area
the size of an average to large city.
a. true
b. false
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5. Allison and Jessica send e-mails back and forth to
each other at their place of employment. What is
this process called, and what system is allowing
them to perform this action?
6. A company has 20 employees that each have
their own personal computers. Each employee
needs to be able to run several programs at any
given time, which type of operating system would
work best?
7. A large corporation has an Internet site that
contains confidential information. What type of
security might the company use on the site?
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• http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefini
tion/0,,sid7_gci214173,00.html
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fgandon/lecture/uk19
99/computers_types/
• http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operatingsystem3.htm
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/Graphical
_User_Interface_GUI.htm
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• http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/
management/Comp-De/ComputerNetworks.html
• http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sloa101/sloa10
1.pdf
• http://www.cheap-computersguide.com/computer-servers.html
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