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ROGER READ
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Architect and Town Planner
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Deputy Director of Physical Planning Strathclyde
Regional Council 1976-1996
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Strathclyde Structure Plan 1976-1996
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First EU Award for Regional Planning
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Secretary General METREX 1996-present
OVERVIEW
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Metropolitan dimension to European affairs
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Climate change/Urban change
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Metropolitan dimension
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Key issues and governance
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Integrated metropolitan strategies
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Steps to a metropolitan Europe
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InterMETREX and PolyMETREXplus
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METROPOLITAN
METREX
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Founded at the Glasgow Metropolitan Regions
Conference in 1996
Network of practitioners (politicians, officials and
their advisers) in spatial planning and
development
Twin purposes are the exchange of knowledge
and the contribution of the metropolitan
dimension to planning at the European level
METREX
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Members from 40 of the 120 recognised European
metropolitan regions and areas (500k+)
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Meets twice a year in the spring and autumn
Holds a biennial Conference
Works through Expert Groups on key issues
Promotes Interreg IIIC projects
Details at www.eurometrex.org
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CLIMATE CHANGE/URBAN CHANGE
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80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 or
earlier
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Efficiency savings and renewable energy will not
achieve this
Must include changes in urban life (personal and
corporate)
Carbon light urban life is the necessity for
survival
Effective metropolitan governance will be a key
factor in achieving this
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CLIMATE CHANGE/URBAN CHANGE
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Carbon heavy activities (energy generation and
use/travel) decline
Emphasis on the local, metropolitan and regional
Better European urban balance will have to be
carbon light
Territorial cohesion will have to be carbon light
METROPOLITAN DIMENSION
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Europe’s metropolitan regions and areas contain
60%, or 280m, of the 470m population of the
EU27+
Their prosperity and wellbeing are central to
the achievement of the Lisbon and Gothenburg
agendas, the objectives of the ESDP and the
EU Constitutional objective of territorial
cohesion
METROPOLITAN DIMENSION
KEY METROPOLITAN ISSUES
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Balancing urban redevelopment with urban
expansion
Integrating transport, land use and infrastructure
Sustaining the vitality and viability of city and
town centres
Enabling economic competitiveness
Promoting social inclusion
Assessing the environmental impact of
development
Safeguarding natural and heritage resources
Achieving a carbon light future
METROPOLITAN DIMENSION
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Such key issues can only be addressed effectively
at the level of the Functional Urban Area (FUA) or
Region or Metropolitan European Growth Area
(MEGA)
These are the key building blocks for any
European spatial perspective or strategy
They are recognised in the ESDP, by ESPON, by
the CoR and in the Third Cohesion Report
They need to be made operational through
effective metropolitan governance
METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE
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Subsidiarity in Europe will only become a reality if
there is effective governance at the metropolitan
level
Without effective metropolitan governance the
populations of metropolitan areas are unable to
influence some of the key issues affecting their
future and its sustainability
Without effective metropolitan governance the
EU will be without a key level of partnership to
implement its wider strategies
An integrated approach to key metropolitan
issues requires effective governance
INTEGRATED METROPOLITAN STRATEGIES
VERTICAL
AND HORIZONTAL
METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE
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The mechanisms for governance may range from
the statutory and comprehensive, through the
selective, to the voluntary, depending on the range
of key strategic issues that need to be addressed
and their severity
Effective metropolitan governance and
economic competitiveness and sustainability
are interrelated
ELECTED METROPOLITAN AUTHORITY WITH CORE PLANNING, OPERATING AND MANAGING POWERS
22 Primary stakeholders in the Metropolitan strategic planning and development process [denotes privatised].
COMPETENCE, CAPABILITY AND PROCESS
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Effective metropolitan governance requires the
three key functions of competence, capability and
process
Competence means having the authority to adopt,
implement and safeguard an Integrated
Metropolitan Strategy
Capability means having the knowledge and
understanding to take informed decisions
Process means having the means to regularly
monitor, review and update the strategy
An assessment process that
can provide the basis for
informed decision making on
those aspects of the
Metropolitan Spatial Plan that
are market related, that is,
industry and business, offices,
retailing, housing and
transportation.
The diagram
summarises an
approach to
balancing supply and
demand for sectoral
issues.
THE INTERRELATED ACTION INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF AN INTEGRATED METROPOLITAN SPATIAL
PLANNING STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON A POLYCENTRIC BASIS
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT [SEA]
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An integrated strategy always involves a balanced
judgment of the relative environmental impact of a
package of policies, programmes and projects
An integrated strategy can demonstrate
environmental impact avoided or compensated for
as well as impact judged acceptable
Assessing the impact of specific development
proposals individually does not allow such an
overall judgment to be made
The process of producing an Integrated
Metropolitan Strategy is the only effective
means of assessing the relative environmental
impact of the spatial planning and
development choices available
STEPS TO A METROPOLITAN EUROPE
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Population mass and proximity/connectivity
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Identity
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Definition of Functional Urban Region/Area or
Metropolitan European Growth Area (MEGA)
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Recognition
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Marketing
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Influence
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Support
STEPS TO A METROPOLITAN EUROPE
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Governance
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Strategic issues and the longer term view
10 Visions and strategies to engage stakeholders
11 Competencies related to issues
12 Capability for informed decision making on the
issues
13 Processes to implement strategies, policies,
programmes and projects
14 Processes to regularly roll forward a longer term
view
STEPS TO A METROPOLITAN EUROPE
INFORMED EU POLICY MAKING
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Policy drives data collection
EU policy to address disadvantage
Role and remit of Eurostat
NUTS statistical areas
Objective 1,2,3 areas etc.
League tables
Statistical exclusion
Either in or out of policy framework
STEPS TO A METROPOLITAN EUROPE
INFORMED METROPOLITAN DECISION MAKING
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Not only NUTS but also FUA/R or MEGA
(metropolitan dimension)
Definition…..labour markets/journey to work
areas……and comparability
Recognition, governance, issues, information,
informed policy decisions, effective action
A policy issue…….polycentricity
Based on specialisation (complementarity) for
collective competitiveness (clusters, corridors)
TERRITORIAL COHESION
WHAT MIGHT BETTER URBAN BALANCE LOOK LIKE?
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Territorial cohesion is now a European
constitutional objective
The ESDP is concerned about the longer term
urban balance of a Europe where over 50% of the
GDP is produced in the core area around the
London/Paris/Rhine axis
Metropolitan regions and areas have a central
role to play in achieving territorial cohesion
and better urban balance
TERRITORIAL COHESION
WHAT MIGHT BETTER URBAN BALANCE LOOK LIKE?
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Recognised inner core (GIZ) and related outer
core bridging areas linking to the periphery
Balance between the inner core and the
Mediterranean and Danubian/Baltic transnational
areas
Improved East/West, North/South and peripheral
connectivity
Good connectivity from all areas to the core area
Good connectivity to European gateways
Recognition of Europe’s metropolitan regions and
areas
In consequence, strong polycentric
relationships within European inter regional
areas and between them
INTERMETREX AND POLYMETREXPLUS
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InterMETREX seeks to enable them to become as
individually strong as possible through effective
spatial planning and development practice within
metropolitan regions and areas
PolyMETREXplus seeks to enable them to
become as collectively strong as possible though
the development of effective polycentric
relationships between metropolitan regions and
areas
A polycentric Europe cannot be built without
strong metropolitan regions and areas
InterMETREX enables PolyMETREXplus
INTERMETREX
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METREX has received approval of the
InterMETREX project, under the Interreg IIIC
programme, to apply and develop the METREX
Practice Benchmark across the wider Europe
Led by Glasgow, involves 32 metropolitan partners
and will run from 2003-2006 with a budget of
€1.16m
Purpose is to assist the function of spatial
planning and development to become as
effective as possible within metropolitan areas
POLYMETREXPLUS
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METREX has also received approval to the
PolyMETREXplus project under the Interreg IIIC
programme
Led by Catalunya with 19 partners, will run from
2004-2007 and has a budget of €1.84m
A Framework for a Polycentric Metropolitan
Europe, a related Action Plan, a programme of
representative interregional networking activities
(RINA's) and a Polycentric Practice Benchmark
Purpose is to respond the challenge in the
ESDP to develop a better urban balance across
Europe through the promotion of polycentric
relationships, including social, economic,
transportation and environmental linkages
METROPOLITAN
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Facilitate metropolitan recognition and definition
(data collection and comparative indicators)
Promote mechanisms for appropriate and
effective metropolitan governance
Promote the production of key issue based
Integrated Metropolitan Strategies (with
stakeholder involvement)
Actively support the implementation of such
Strategies through the Structural funds
Actively support the exchange of practitioner
knowledge on metropolitan affairs