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Governance for the Built Environment Prof. Ivan Turok HSRC BRICS+ CityLab, Moscow, December 2016 Adaptive governance: why its important • • • • • • Global economic slowdown and uncertainty Changing balance of power from N to South Threats to international order Rising inequality within nations Political and turbulence instability Climate change Traditional government Adaptive governance • Sovereignty • Power to authorise or regulate • Power to allocate • Top down planning • Hierarchical control • Long-term predictability ‘Driving’ or ‘rowing’ • • • • • • • Convening power Coordination External relationships Social responsiveness Co-production Partnership Influencing ‘Steering’ or ‘guiding’ The value of comparisons • Shock value – surprise from diversity – – Different societies, processes, outcomes • BRICS and major transitions away from central control over last 2-3 decades • Exploring particular issues for deeper understanding and policy learning – adaptive governance, judgement and power Foundation of successful cities State investment in infrastructure Mixed economy Requirements change over time Coordination generates value Household investment in housing Business investment and jobs Adaptive governance in the built environment – how to coordinate? • • • • • • • • Signalling via good information Nudging via incentives Partnerships to share risks and rewards Transparency and accountability Consultation & social responsiveness Market sensitivity & anticipation Shared vision, voluntary cooperation Learning and innovation But not enough Inertia in built environment Legacy of historic policies & old industries Powerful vested interests in property Contestation & competition for land Exceptional infrastructure costs Popular resistance to paying taxes Business as usual with national silo policies Robust governance capacity in the landinfrastructure-finance nexus Governance of land Finance for Investment Property taxes • Property rights & expropriation • Land valuation systems • Rules controlling real estate development • Capacity to enforce Urban infrastructure Certainty for long-term investment in skeleton of metropolitan system = Empowered metropolitan government Neglecting these is a recipe for sprawling & fragmented cities, excessive congestion, overloaded infrastructure, extensive informality, economic stagnation, social instability and environmental degradation!