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1 2 a. Are machines that can store, retrieve and process information b. Classified by size and power c. Break down into the five main following types: 1. personal computer (PC): single user computer: desktop, laptop 2. work station: single user computer; more powerful microprocessor than PCs 3 3. minicomputer: multi-user computer designed to handle hundreds of users at the same time 4. mainframe: a powerful, multi-user computer; can support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously 5. supercomputer: an extremely fast computer; can perform hundreds of millions of instructions every second 4 a. Are programs that act as a translator between a computer user and the computer itself b. Control and manage all other programs that a computer contains c. Are the master program that makes everything else run d. Can be considered the core software on a computer that links the hardware, software and the computer user Hardware: the physical and mechanical components of a computer such as: monitor, mouse, chips, keyboard, etc. Software: programs that direct the operation of computers; instructions for a computer 5 Include the following four general types: 1. real time operating systems (RTOS) 2. single-user, single task operating systems 3. single-user, multi-tasking operating systems 4. multi-user operating systems 6 • Are used to control the following: • machinery • scientific tools • industrial instruments • Do not allow the user to have much control over the system • Thermostats, mobile phones, spacecrafts, etc. 7 • Allow users to do only one thing at any given time • Not very efficient in business environment • Include Smart Phones (1 app at a time) Application (app): a computer program that performs a specific task 8 • Are the most common type found on PCs • Allow user to run several computer applications at the same time • Windows (Microsoft) – runs on 90% of all PC’s • and Macintosh (Apple) platforms • Utilize GUI to make it easier on user 9 • Examples of GUI tools: – – – – – pointing device icons desktop windows menus 10 • Allow multiple users to simultaneously use the programs on a single computer • Only users who have the necessary knowledge to use the system • Complex systems; require a lot of upkeep and maintenance • Types: Unix and Linux OS Computer Programmer: a person who designs, writes and installs computer programs and applications 11 Real-Time Operating Systems Single-User, Single-Task Single-User, Multi-Tasking Machinery Scientific Tools Industrial Instruments Smart Phones Windows GUI Macintosh Multi-User Unix Linux 13 a. Is a system for communication between two or more computers b. Enables users to share information and devices through the system c. Allows users to exchange software, hardware and other data d. Uses a cable or wireless connection to run 14 1. 2. 3. Connect computers without the use of wires and cables Uses electromagnetic waves to transmit information Are also used for telephones that are not connected to the wall 4. examples: cordless phones and cellular phones Electromagnetic Waves: a method of travel for information from computer to computer; consists of light waves, radio waves, microwaves, etc. 15 Break down into the following main types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Local Area Network Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Controlled Area Network Personal Area Network 16 • Are local, privately owned networks • Have a high speed and low error rate • Are able to be measured in meters because of their small geographical size • Typically means that the computers in the network are within the same building or office Error Rate: the number of times an area network does not function properly compared to the total number of times the network is accessed 17 • Networks that provide connections between computers in multiple locations • Cover a significantly larger area than LANs • Can be used to connect different office locations of a large company • Consist of several LANs linked together to create a larger network 18 • Cover an area the size of an average to large city • High-speed networks designed to link together metropolitan size areas, campuses or school districts • Fall between the size of LANs and WANs • Cover about 80 kilometers worth of distance 19 • Are used for real-time control operations – temperature, time, etc. • Was originally developed for use in vehicles (On-star) • Has excellent error protection to prevent problems • Sends shorter messages than other networks 20 • Usually cover the small area around a user’s workspace • Allow users to transfer files and gain access to printers and other nearby hardware • Cover a range of up to 10 meters in distance • Used to connect devices that a single person uses with their computer 21 Break down into the following main types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Local Area Network Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Controlled Area Network Personal Area Network 22 1. Is a worldwide, publicly accessed network 2. Allows interconnected computer networks to transmit data back and forth 3. Enables contact between companies, individuals, academic institutions, etc. 4. Consists of approximately 60,000 independent networks and 350 million active users 5. Is doubling in size each year 23 1. Allows users to send messages from one computer to another through the Internet 2. Is a quick, easy and efficient way to send and retrieve data 3. Utilizes programs such as – Instant messenger – online chat rooms – e-mail 24 1. Allows multiple users to access the same equipment such as fax machines, printers or common files stored in one central place 2. Used so that several people can access the Internet and other computer programs simultaneously 3. Also called client-servers or network servers 4. Store an abundant amount of information 5. Manage the resources of a network of computers 25 26 • Depends on the size of a home or business in which it will run • Increases in size as the speed increases and vice versa • Increases and decreases along with the number of users • Can be as small as a keyboard or as big as a whole room 27 1. Serve as a security device between a computer and Internet sites or between multiple computer networks 2. Inspect network traffic passing between computer networks 3. Shield networks from unauthorized visits 4. Can also restrict unwanted data from flowing outside of a network 28 1. Serves as a unique identification for a computer on a network 2. Helps distinguish individual computers since there are millions on the Internet these days 3. Determines where information needs to be delivered 4. Serves the same purpose as a street address Example: (172.16.122.204) 29 Wide Area Network Connect computers in multiple locations Local Area Network Local, privately owned Metropolitan Area Network Covers an average to large city Networking Messaging AOL instant messenger, chat rooms, e-mail Controlled Area Network Networks Real-time operations Firewalls Security system Personal Area Network Area around computer workspace TCP/IP Computer ID on Network Internet Worldwide, public network Your Name • Input device – allow user to input data into a computer……..keyboard, mouse • CD/DVD – stores data on its surface in a circular track • Binary Code – system using 0’s and 1’s • Mouse – old kind includes tracking ball • Transistors – tiny circuit board with millions of switches • Clock – gives a pulse to CPU, like a drumbeat. 1. A work station is a powerful, multi-user computer that can support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. a. true b. false 2. Hardware is the physical and mechanical components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, chips and keyboard. a. true b. false 32 3. A personal digital assistant (pda) is an example of a real-time operating system. a. true b. false 4. Metropolitan is a network that covers an area the size of an average to large city. a. true b. false 33 5. Allison and Jessica send e-mails back and forth to each other at their place of employment. What is this process called, and what system is allowing them to perform this action? 6. A company has 20 employees that each have their own personal computers. Each employee needs to be able to run several programs at any given time, which type of operating system would work best? 7. A large corporation has an Internet site that contains confidential information. What type of security might the company use on the site? 34 • http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefini tion/0,,sid7_gci214173,00.html • http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fgandon/lecture/uk19 99/computers_types/ • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operatingsystem3.htm • http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/Graphical _User_Interface_GUI.htm 35 • http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/ management/Comp-De/ComputerNetworks.html • http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sloa101/sloa10 1.pdf • http://www.cheap-computersguide.com/computer-servers.html 36 Production Coordinator: Liz Weber Production Manager: Dusty Moore Project Coordinator: Maggie Bigham Executive Producers: Gordon Davis, Ph.D., Graphic Designer: Jeff Lansdell Ann Adams © MMVIII CEV Multimedia, Ltd. 37