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Microsoft enterprise
concepts
NT Layered Network Architecture
7. Application
User Mode
6. Presentation
Kernel Mode
NetBIOS driver
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
Redirectors
Servers
Transport Driver Interface
WinSock driver
Streams
Transport Protocols
2. Data Link
LLC
MAC
1. Physical
NDIS Interface
Streams
Network Adapter Card Drivers
Network Interface Card
Some basic concepts
 NDIS Interface: Network Driver Specification Interface,
wraps NIC drivers and allow communication with multiple
protocols, binds a NIC to a protocol.
 Streams: multiple channels allowing broader bandwidth
for data transfer, envelop the protocols.
 Transport Driver Interface: allows software drivers
(server, redirector, etc) to communicate with protocols.
 Redirectors: software in WS that redirect network drives,
printers requests to network I/O requests.
 Servers: software that allows a device to accept requests
from other devices.
Standard NT protocols
 NetBEUI - NetBIOS Extended User Interface,
“native” Windows protocol, not routable.
 TCP/IP - implemented through WinSock,
routable, supports SNMP, DHCP, WINS.
 NWLink (IPX/SPX) - used to connect to
Novell NetWare, just a protocol, not access.
 DLC - Data Link Control, used to connect to IBM
mainframes and HP printers directly connected to
a network (server).
Network Resource Access
 UNC
–
–
–
–
–
- Universal Naming Convention
machine name: \\mname
<= 15 digits
share name: \sname
<= 12 digits
example: \\AL200\HP6
sharing: net share public= c:\temp
using: net use lpt2: \\Al200\public
– also graphical
 Master Browsers - allow to see what resources are
available
– Win 95/NT use Network Neighborhood
 MUP driver - Multiple Universal Naming Convention
Provider
Workgroups
 Peer to Peer
– a machine joins a group by declaring (Control Panel)
– group names <= 15 digits
– servers: DOS with add on, Windows for Workgroups,
Windows 95, NT WS and Server.
– Low security for shares, with one password for a
resource, all can see share names, but in NT.
 NT client-server
– local and global (more in Domain)
– peer-to-peer and guest, should not be allowed
– shares require username and password
Domain
 Concept: a group of NT machines that share “a security
server” - the primary domain controller (PDC VS BDCs)
– Windows for Workgroups and Windows 95 can join by selecting as
workgroup name the domain name
– Users with Windows 95 clients can log on NT server net similarly
to NT workstations.
– user name <= 20 digits, password <= 14 digits
– users have permissions (access) and rights (do something), groups
– SAM - Security Account Manager, keep user information
 Trust relationships: allow an user to be part of more
than one domain.
– If A trusts C, users in C can access resources in A (one-way)
– two-way trusts : users of both both can access the other