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Simulators for Sensor Networks Sagnik Bhattacharya 9/12/2001 Overview • What we need? • How much effort should we put? • Simulators : – JavaSim – GlomoSim – NS - 2 – SensorSim • Comparison What we want? • It should perform simulations of our algorithms. (obviously) • It should have models for wireless transmissions and battery models. • It should be extremely scalable. • It should be efficient for large simulations. • There should be technical support. How much effort should we put in? • Build battery and wireless models? (Preferably no) • Implement routing? • How much learning is involved? • Change basic modules or just add our own modules? JavaSim • Pros – Very modular – Easy to use • Cons – Geared for wired internetworks – No wireless support GlomoSim • Specific for mobile wireless networks. • Built as a set of libraries. The libraries are built in Parsec( a C-based discrete event simulation language). • Layered architecture with easy plug-in capability. GloMoSim Library Data Plane Modular, extensible library for network models Model each layer using abstract or detailed model Built-in statistics collection at each layer Application Processing Application RTP Wrapper TCP, UDP, RSVP IP OSPF, AODV, … Packet Store/Forward Transport IP Network IEEE 802.11, 802.3, … Link Layer MAC Layer EPLRS, WaveLAN, ... Radio Free space, TIREM Propagation model NS - 2 • De facto standard for network simulations • Does support wireless simulations • A primitive energy model is present. • Lots of documentation. • Uses Tcl to specify the Components, and Otcl to glue them together. NS - 2 (contd.) • Cons : – Difficult to use and learn – Supposedly more useful for getting statistics for lower level protocols. – Originally built for wired networks, later extended for wireless. – Supposedly, does not work well for large topologies. SensorSim • Extension to NS - 2. • Provides battery models, radio propagation models and sensor channel models. • Provides a lightweight protocol stack. • Has support for hybrid simulation. • To be integrated with NS - 2. SensorSim Architecture app monitor and control hybrid network (local or remote) real sensor apps on virtual sensor nodes app GUI app socket comm GUI Interface HS Interface V RS232 Ethernet gateway V V ns serial comm R V R Gateway Machine modified event scheduler Simulation Machine Proxies for real sensor nodes Sensor Node Model in SensorSim Node Function Model Micro Sensor Node Applications Middleware Network Protocol Stack Sensor Protocol Stack Network Layer Sensor Layer MAC Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Wireless Channel Power Model State Change (Energy Consumers and Providers) Radio Model CPU Model Status Check Battery Model Sensor #1 Model Sensor #2 Model Sensor Channel Power Management Model BZR event BZR event Transmit Off BZR event BZR event Transmit BZR event transmit Idle Receive receive done transmit done Without Power Management Off transmit BZR event Receive transmit done receive done Idle transmit timeout Sleep receive timeout(3 sec) With Power Management SensorSim Problems • Still at pre-release stage. • No Documentation. Comparison • On paper : SensorSim looks really good. Their DNS group has already done a lot of work. • Effort : GlomoSim seems better. • Track Record : NS wins. (GlomoSim was built by UCLA, but still they built SensorSim)