Download Chapter 5 – Greek City

Name _______________________________
Chapter 5 – Greek City-States
Section 1: Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States
Geography:
Southern Balkan ___________
Bordered by ___________________________________________________ Seas
Small islands, _____________ coastline – close to _________ everywhere (fishermen,
sailors, traders)
Short mountain ranges cut up mainland – hard to _____________ people
Rivers were _____________ – not good for ________________________
So…separate _______________________ arose
Minoans vs. Mycenaeans
Minoans
Mycenaeans
Location
Dates
Minoans
The Minoans are credited as the ____________________________________________
Mycenaeans
The Mycenaean era is also called “__________________________________________”
The Mycenaeans were the _____________________________________
Dark Ages - 1150 – 800 BC
Government of ______________________________
Declining ____________________, falling _____________ production
Agriculture and herding
Not much _________________
Greek city-states
800s/700s BC – formed independent city-states (________________)
Concept of a polis:
1. ____________________ and surrounding territory
2. _______________________ (people)
3. politically and economically ____________________ (competition among poleis)
Name _______________________________
Section 2: Greek Government and Society
Few could __________ at this time – mostly ____________ communication
______________ (legend of Trojan War – Troy) and _______________ (after Trojan
War) were epics written by _________________ during this time period (700 BC)
Religion:
Greeks used religion to:
 Explain ____________________
 Explain ___________________ of people
 Bring them earthly ______________________ like long life, good luck, good harvest
Did not expect religion to save them from ___________
Afterlife: believed spirts went to a gloomy ________________________ ruled by the
god ______________
Created ________________ about gods, goddesses, and heroes to explain their world
______________ was king of the gods – the _______________________ were held
every four years starting in 776 BC to honor Zeus
Section 3: Sparta and Athens
Sparta: The Military Ideal:
Sparta was in a ___________________, not on a hill
It did not have _________________ for defense
This may explain why Sparta developed as __________________ and highly
________________________ (very different from Athens)
Life in military society:
Controlled life of citizens from _____________________________
Adult males made part of _________________________________
Officials examined __________________________; children deemed unhealthy were
________________________________
At age __________– boys left home to live in ______________________________;
from age 18 – 20, trained specifically for war
Could marry at _________but could not live at home til __________; not allowed to
trade or do business (love of money interfered with ___________________________)
Remained available for military service until ________________
Spartan ____________________ had to be strong and healthy (as wives and mothers of
soldiers); received strict _________________________________
Led to ____________________________________ and almost ____________________
____________
Created very little in terms of _______________________________________________
Name _______________________________
Athens: The Birth of a Democracy:
Located on ____________________ peninsula; very unfertile; turned to sea and became
______________________
Typical __________________ built around rocky hill, with ______________________
Early government:
___________________________ at first
Only citizens who owned _____________ held office
Elected generals in war time
Elected 9 ____________________ (rulers with one-year terms)
_______________ erased debts of poor and freed _________________
He divided all citizens into 4 groups based on wealth: 2 richest could
________________________
All free men could elect these officials
Set up court of _____________________________
Athenian democracy:
507 BC – _____________________ seized power and formed a ____________________
___________________ became more democratic
“___________________________________” – all citizens participated directly in
making decisions (today we have a “representative democracy”)
Section 5: The Expansion of Greece
Persian Wars
Involved ____________________________________ versus ___________________
Delian League
Persian Empire ______________________________
Greeks now had ___________________ but still felt _________________________
Need for unity – formed __________________________
Alliance of ___________ city-states
Athens was leader
By 450 BC, Athens had built ___________________ based on Delian League
Age of Pericles
Leader of Athens from ___________________________
Athens was at its peak of ___________________________
Athenian democracy at its height (most completely democratic government in history)
Strengthened and extended Athens’ empire
Built ________________________________ and Acropolis
Name _______________________________
Under Pericles, members of Delian League received ______________________ but lost
their ___________________________
Athens made all the decisions
Pericles moved ________________________ to Athens and used money for __________
of Athens
_____________________ city-states to join League
Peloponnesian War
_________________________ with League grew
League failed to ________________ all of Greece under Athens
431 BC – ____________ broke out between Athens and Sparta
Spartans had _____________________ army
Athenians hid behind their ______________________
Athens had stronger ____________ and could bring in food by ship
______________broke out in Athens, killing many, including ____________________
Sparta, with Persia’s help, finally cut off Athens’ _______________________
Athens surrendered in ___________________
Greece now _______________________
Sparta and Thebes both tried to control Greece, both were _____________________
Greek civilization still made _______________________________ during this time
Chapter 6 - Greece’s Golden and Hellenistic Ages
Alexander the Great
Greece entered period of ___________________ after Golden Age; Athens
________________ in power; Competition among city-states _________________
Greece
359 BC – Phillip II of Macedon became king (of Macedon); recruited army and
organized infantry into ______________________
Some Greeks saw Phillip as savior, some felt threatened
City-states fell to Phillip’s army
338 BC – Phillip defeated ___________________________; united Greece under his rule
Organized cities and planned to invade __________________
Did not achieve this goal – was __________________________ in 336 BC
His son took over as king – __________________________________
Alexander had good __________________ training and formal education from Aristotle
– well-prepared for leadership
Skilled military commander – troops willingly followed him
By 331 BC, Alexander had destroyed __________________; he also conquered Asia
Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia
Name _______________________________
By 323 BC – discontent grew in empire; Alexander became __________; died June of
323 BC
Alexander purposely spread __________________ culture wherever he went
Founded many cities and named many ____________________; groups of Greeks settled
in them
Held a mass ____________________ where 10,000 of his soldiers married Persian
women (to unite the two cultures)
Hellenistic World
Hellenic = purely Greek, Hellenistic = Greek-like
New “__________________________” way of life was called Hellenistic culture
Combined ideas from _________________________ and ____________
Thrived from 323 BC to 146 BC (Roman conquest)
In 301 BC – three generals divided up Alexander’s empire into _____________________
________________________; rulers wasted many resources on war
200 BC – ________________ legions invaded Macedon