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Transcript
Heterogeneous Services And Architectures for Next-Generation Wireless Networks And Integrating Heterogeneous Wireless Technologies: A Cellular Aided Mobile Ad hoc Network (CAMA) Heterogeneous Services and Architecture for Next-Generation Wireless Networks Simone Frattasi, Rasmus L. Olsen, Frank H.P. Fitzek, Ramjee Prasad (Aalborg University, Denmark) Mauro De Sanctis – (University of Rome, “Tor Vergata”) http://ctif.aau.dk/ Next Generation Networks (NGNs) • 4G – MAGIC – extension of 3G cellular (cellular structure with over 100 mbit/s rates) = linear 4G vision (Japan) – Seamless service across multitude of wireless systems (non cellular) = concurrent 4G version • Focus on personalized heterogeneous services Wireless Personal Area Network • Person to Person (P2P) vs. Person to Machine (P2M) Services • Resource Sharing – Efficiently organize resource consuption (e.g. power, bandwidth) Services (cont.) • Synchronization – Global (per cell) vs Local (among related terminals) * • Local is more flexible (choose local master on sign in to a common multicast) • IP Datacasting – Data delivery without user awareness… ? • Device to User (D2U) interaction • User to Device (U2D) interaction • Digital audio/video broadcasting/WPAN/WLAN/cellular (in off-peak times) • Video clips, sports highlights, movie trailers, partial data delivery as advertisement for data service • Infrastructure – Context Manager (CM) and Service Manger (SM) Integrating Heterogeneous Wireless Technologies: A Cellular Aided Mobile Ad hoc Network (CAMA) Bharat Bhargava, Xiaoxin Wu, Yi Lu, Weichao Wang CAMA • Use cellular network to improve ad hoc networks (like Signaling System 7 (SS7)) – Offer QoS, and AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting) – why AAA ?? – Manage the connections of Mobile Ad Hoc Users (MTs) – Only control data goes through cellular base stations, all user data is kept in ad hoc network – Routing is not fixed – managed by CAMA CAMA example CAMA can aid in … • Synchronization (offer clock sync) • Authentication (use cellular infrastructure or some other mean like PKI) • Power saving (estimate transmit power since distance between MTs is known) • Radio resource allocation (manage multiple channels in an ad hoc network) • Broadcasting and multicasting (broadcast through cellular base station ??? – contradicts their claim about all data in contained within ad hoc network) • Finding cluster head in all clustered ad hock routing (aid in clustered ad hoc routing that was proposed by other research) Feasibility analysis • Ad hoc cell is small (because the transmit radius is small – so 1 cell can cover all of the ad hoc network) • UMTS(3G) has sync and broadcast channels (some of which could be reserved for CAMA) • Technology is available and cheap • Cellular providers try create more data services Previous work • Heterogeneous integrated wireless networks (how ad hoc networks enhance cellular networks) • Ad hoc routing with positioning – – – – GPS, GPSR – route to peer closest to destination VHR – position advertisement = large overhead self positioning when GPS is not available ABR - association beacon protocol • Security – Open medium, dynamic topology changing, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring • Key distribution without a CA • Routing: digital signature to authenticate, hash chain to insure hop count information • Architecture for intrusion detection CAMA • MT has GPS, and position is sent to CAMA through cellular base station (also cellular position service can be used) – a position of each MT is well known • Routing done by CAMA or MT (the study assumes that CAMA will coordinate routes between src. and dest. – this also avoids periodic downlink position broadcasts, but slower since an MT might wait for CAMA to make its decision, also scale considerations CAMA routing … • Position information table per MT – d + (delta) d <= d (required link quality threshold) Routing cont… N different routes are found for S to T : S-B-H-G-T and S-C-E-I-T 1: (B,C) and (B, C) 2: (F,H,E,D) and (H,E) 3: (G, N, I, K) and (G, I) 4: (L, T, J) and (T) Packet end-to-end delay is used for ranking (transmission + back off + propagation) Routing cont(2)… • Routing steps – MT sends request to CAMA (resend in case there is no response) – CAMA replies with a complete route including all intermediate hops + estimated transmission powers – Routing info is carried in the header of each packet • Position update – MT sends its position update in a GPS aided positioning (if a change is relatively small no update is needed) • Security (relates only to ad hoc network portion) – CAMA agent can be a central security point for key distribution – Broadcast messages when intrusion is detected – If the GPS info is false, and there is no means to verify it – CAMA might fail – DoS attacks Security cont… • False positioning information – Try to guess based on cellular position – Intrusion detection • MTs can send a failed route message when the route did not work and CAMA can try to identify the malicious nodes • Credit system • Byzantine Behavior – Encrypt and sign header info – Report misbehaving nodes – Message hash verifications • Anti Jamming – CAMA can detect the jamming condition and via MT reports and make a decision to send client to different channel or maybe issue a jamming alert Simulation results • 100 MTs (1000m X 1000m) • Each MT moves with random direction and random velocity between 0-3m/s (pedestrian speed) • Ad hoc channel 1mbit/s • MSGPR is used for routing • AODV = ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing • DSR = dynamic source routing protocol Delivery Ratio More Results… More Results (2) …. Result cont(3)… Results cont(4)…. Conclusions • Questions ?? • WiMax • http://www.networkcomputing.com/showAr ticle.jhtml?articleID=191801683 • http://www.engadget.com/2006/08/07/caltr ain-commuter-rail-pulls-wimax-at-79-mph/ • http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/AODV/ • http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dmaltz/dsr.html