Download Document

BASICS OF IT
FOR
Health
Information
Managers
Press Spacebar to advance slide
HOW IS A COMPUTER PUT TOGETHER?
INPUT vs. OUTPUT
INPUT DEVICES




KEYBOARD
MOUSE
VOICE RECOGNITION
TRACKING DEVICES
BAR CODE READER
SCANNER
OUTPUT DEVICES



1. MONITOR (MONOCHROME, EGA, VGA, SVGA)
2. PRINTER(DOT MATRIX, LASER PRINTER, INKJET)
3. FAX
E.HR INPUT DEVICES:
Navigational Devices
Additonal Ideas
• PDA
• Touch Pad
• Touch Screen
• Speech Recognition
HOW IS A COMPUTER PUT TOGETHER?
HARDWARE vs SOFTWARE

BETWEEN THE INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES ARE TYPES
OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE:
HARDWARE = Physical Components
Parts you can touch
SOFTWARE = PROGRAMS, CODE
How is a computer put together?
HARDWARE
HARDWARE (PARTS YOU CAN TOUCH)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
(Box/Brain Of Computer)
3 PARTS:
 ALU - (Arithmatic logic unit)- used for math functions.

CONTROL UNIT - The chip which directs the operation
of devices controlled by the computer.

STORAGE - Hard drives, floppy drives.
How is a computer put together?
MEMORY
PRIMARY

RAM (random access memory) - TEMPORARY
• Short term requiring constant powersource.
• Volatile.
• What is seen on screen is stored in RAM.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) -PERMANENT

Cannot alter, programmed by the manufacturer. Tells
computer what is there and how to access it
(Mouse or Keyboard).
How is a computer put together?
MEMORY
SECONDARY

Hard drives

Floppy drives (Permanent memory)

CDR-ROM.

Magnetic Tape
How is a computer put together?
SOFTWARE
TWO TYPES of Programs
OPERATING SYSTEM
Program that
tells computer how
to locate components
and “run” the system
APPLICATIONS
Program designed
to perform functions
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
VISIO, Internet, etc
Programming Languages: C, C++
Visual Basic
DBMS – DB2, SQL, Oracle, Filemaker
For Internet – Javascript, Dreamweaver HTML
How is a computer put together?
SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM ( Tells computer how to run system )
1. DOS - (Disk Operating System ) - single tasking
 (allows only one function at a time).
2. UNIX : Used in major computer systems.
 (CPR at UCSF-Stanford Health Care).
 More difficult to use. Multitasking (allows more than 1
function at a time).
3. OS/2 : Clone of Dos. But multi tasking.
How is a computer put together?
SOFTWARE
APPLICATIONS
 1. Word processing
 2. Windows??? ( uses Graphic User Interfaces - GUI's
or Icons, to quickly access other applications.
 3. Spreadsheet : Excel, Lotus.
 4. Database : Access, d-Base.

OTHERS………………………….
INTEGRATED SOFTWARE PROGRAMS
COMPUTERS &
ERGONOMICS

ERGONOMICS: The scientific study of
people and their working conditions, esp.
done in order to improve effectiveness

COMPUTERS require redundant
functions in a stationary position - worst
condition for body structures.
WHAT CAN YOU DO???????????

CONNECTING the Hardware:
COMPUTER NETWORKS
 NETWORKS: Connection of 2 or
more computers to SHARE
information



STAND ALONE COMPUTERS
LAN: Local area network. (Computers
connected within an office)
WAN: Wide area networks. (Computers in
the HIT Lab connected to the internet. They can
communicate with computers globally.
LAN vs. WAN
COMPUTER NETWORKS

LANs and WANS are relational.

Ie: The campus computer system could be considered a
WAN, unless connected to the internet, which would
make them a LAN.
Ways to Connect Computers

TOKEN: Identifies one computer from another. Allows
multiple computers to be connected together, yet restrict
access to information in network.

ETHERNET: Ethernet is the most common type of
connection computers use in a local area network (LAN).
An Ethernet port looks much like a regular phone jack, but it
is slightly wider. This port can be used to connect your
computer to another computer, a local network, or an
external DSL or cable modem.
Ways to Connect Computers

FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface: A standard
for transmitting data on optical fiber cables at a rate of
around 100,000,000 bits-per-second

ATM – Newest – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
which is a networking technology that transfers data in
packets or cells of a fixed size. The technology was
designed for the high-speed transmission of all forms of
media from basic graphics to full-motion video.
Ways to Connect Computers

Wireless - WiFi, BlueTOoth
DESIGNING YOUR NETWORK
Simple Designs
Token Ring

All computers interconnected in a chain, can communicate.
No server.

If chain is broken, the other computer do not work.

STAR NETWORK

Computer can talk directly to each other without going
through the chain.

Uses a HUB – to connect all computers.
Token Ring NETWORK
S TAR N ETW ORK
ADVANCED
NETWORK DESIGNS
CLIENT- SERVER


SERVER ATTATCHED TO “DUMB” TERMINALS
Dumb terminals cannot hold programs like a stand alone
PC nor allows saving. Allows input. (now called Thin
Client)

Server is the traffic controller, holding all information on its
hard drive and sending it out to dumb terminals. Cannot
turn off server.

Need a license for each terminal.
ADVANCED NETWORK DESIGNS

VPN – Virtual Private Network
•
•
WAN that uses “tunnels” through internet to a specific
network on web
Maintenance of the network done by ISP (Independent
Service Provider)
NETWORK PROTOCOLS

Rules for sending information over a network
•
•
•
•
Developed by ISO (International Standards Organization)
TCP/IP – Transfer between 2 devices on a network
(transmission control protocal)
IP – Internet Protocol – addresses information so it can
be located
FTP – File Transfer Protocol – between different types
of computers
HTTP – hypertext transfer protocol – web server to web
browser.
C L IE N T/ S E R V E R N E TW O R K
SERVER
Putting it Together:
System Options
ARCHITECTURE
Mainframe – Dumb Terminals connected to one
computer
OPEN: Components developed by different vendors
•
Can easily be connected via hardware/software for
functioning
CLOSED:Components from same vendor
TURN KEY:
System designed to “take out of the box” and use
Use The Internet???
What is the INTERNET??
• A NETWORK of Computers
ORIGIN:
Department of Defense for communication
NO ONE OWNS the INTERNET!!
INTERNET TERMINOLOGY
ONLINE: connection between 2 computers
Bandwidth - how fast information can be transferred
URL: Uniform Resource Locator (used to access web pages)
WWW: World Wide Web
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocal (http:\www.ahima.org
Domain Name: Identifies a particular internet site
Search Engine: Program that allows users to search
KEYWORDS and return results
The WEB
Categories of Information
COMMUNICATION
EINFORMATION
COMMERCE Shop on-line
How to Get ON-LINE
Requires
Computer or connection device
When you connect to the Internet, you might connect
through a:
•
•
•
•
regular modem,
local-area network connection in your office,
cable modem (coaxial - 10MBS); twisted pairs (150 MBS); fiber optic (2 GBS)
digital subscriber line (DSL) connection. DSL is a very highspeed connection that uses the same wires as a regular telephone
line.
Connection
bandwidth, is the amount of data that can be
carried in a given time period over a
network
Modems
Cable modems
•
Cable modem services offer shared bandwidth between
you and your neighbors. Cable modems are as much as 100
times faster than a dial-up Internet connection, running at a speed of 1
mbps, or about 20 times faster than a typical 56,000-bits-per-second
(kbps)dial-up connection.
Telehone Line Options
•
•
•
T1 – special line that provides data transfer at 1.54 MBS
ISDN – integrated services digital network- 128 KBS
DSL service is a dedicated connection to your home = T1
line.
Internet Connection
.ORG
Server
AHIMA files
on Server
Logging
on to
Internet
Explorer
WWW
Internet
Explorer
Server
Think about it:
What happens if one of the
servers is not working?
AHIMA.org
Other
common
SERVERS
.com
.net
.edu
.gov
Internet & Healthcare
Why is the INTERNET significant to
Healthcare?
1. Universal
Format
2. Remote Access
3. Wide Area Network
THE INTERNET & THE CPR

A medium to transfer and receive data, currently
used by health care institutions as well as by the
general public.

Most likely will be the medium of choice for the
CPR.

Many legal and confidentiality issues are making
the transition to a global CPR via the internet
slow.