Download Chapter 9 Roman Civilization - Ms-Jernigans-SS

Chapter 9
Roman Civilization
Section 1
Life in Ancient Rome
I. Roman Culture (pgs. 303-305)
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The Romans admired the Greeks and copied many of their
ideas, but often changed what they borrowed.
Roman statues and art portrayed people with flaws, whereas
Greek art and statues portrayed ideal people
Romans incorporated Greek architecture with the use of
columns and porches, but added arches, domes, and vaults,
which are covered ceilings.
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The Romans were the first to invent the use of concrete by
mixing volcanic ash, lime, and water.
Two famous buildings still stand today:
Colosseum – large arena
Pantheon – temple in honor of Rome’s gods
Roman Literature
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The Roman writer Virgil wrote the Aenied (uh-nee-uhd),
which tells the story of the Trojan prince Aeneas.
The poet Horace wrote satires, which are works that poke fun
at human weaknesses, and odes, which express strong
emotions about life.
The writers Ovid and Catullus were inspired by Greek writing
and myths.
Roman Historians
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Livy, one of Rome’s most famous historians wrote the History
of Rome.
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Another historian, Tacitus, thought Roman emperors had
taken people’s freedom and that Romans had lost the values
that made them strong.
Roman Language
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Latin, the language of the Romans became the basis of
many modern European languages and many English words
we use today come from Latin as well.
Roman Science and Engineering
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The Greek doctor Galen brought Greek medical ideas to Rome
and emphasized the importance of anatomy.
Ptolemy was a famous scientist who studied and mapped
over 1,000 different stars.
Roman engineers also created an advanced system of roads
and bridges.
Romans also used engineering to supply cities with fresh
water with aqueducts and had sewers to remove waste.
II. Daily Life in Rome (pgs. 306-310)
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Rome was one of the largest cities in the ancient world.
The city was laid out in a square with the main roads
crossing at right angles.
The Forum was in the center of Rome and served as a
marketplace and public square.
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Wealthy Romans lived in large homes while poorer people
lived in apartment buildings of stone and wood.
The government provided free grain and sporting shows such
as chariot races and gladiator contests – “bread and
circuses.”
Gladiators were men who fought animals and each other.
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Roman families were large with the father or paterfamilias
(pa*tuhr*fuh*mih*lee*uhs) as head of the family.
Wealthy boys and girls received an education through hired
tutors, although some boys went to school.
A boy became a man between the ages of 14 and 16 years
old and girls became adults when they married.
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Women had some rights but were not full citizens.
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Wealthy women had more freedom than poor women.
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Slaves were not uncommon in the Roman Empire and by 100
B.C., about 40% of people in Italy were enslaved.
Slaves were often treated poorly and slaves sometimes
revolted.
In 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a force of 70,000
enslaved people.
The revolt was finally crushed and Spartacus and 6,000 of his
followers were crucified.
Roman Religion
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Romans worshipped many gods and goddesses.
Greek gods and goddesses were popular in Rome, but given
Roman names.
Religious freedom for conquered people was allowed as long
as they did not threaten Roman government.