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THE LEGACY OF GRECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION 1. LANGUAGE a. Latin (the language of Romans) remained the language of learning in the West long after the fall of Rome. 2. ENGINEERING a. Romans were master builders. Romans used arches, the dome, and concrete to build many spectacular structures and many functional structures like bridges and aqueducts. Because of their practicality, Roman architectural forms are still popular today. 3. THE LAW a. Rome’s most lasting and widespread contribution was the law. Romans believed that laws should be fair and apply equally to all people, rich and poor. Some of the most important principles of Roman law were i. All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law. ii. A person was considered innocent until proven guilty. iii. The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused. iv. A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts. v. Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside. 4, ART AND LITERATURE a. Roman sculptors used bas-relief (images project from the background in low relief) to tell stories and to represent crowds of people, soldiers in battle, and landscapes. b. Roman artists also were particularly skilled in creating mosaics. Mosaics were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface. c. Romans excelled at the art of painting. One type of Roman paintings were frescoes, large, bright murals painted directly on walls. d. The poet Virgil spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues (like the Greek epics of Homer). • The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture produced a new culture, called GrecoRoman culture. This is also often called classical civilization.