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Transcript
The Punic Wars! • Rome Vs. Carthage in the 200’s B.C Broad st. VS. The Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage Carthage: The Punici Carthage, a city on the north coast of Africa was one of the richest and most powerful cities in the Mediterranean area. They conquered the coast of the Iberian peninsula and the majority of Sicily by 300 B.C.. Competition for trading partners between the Carthaginians and Romans made the two sides rivals. The Mediterranean would prove to be too small for the two powers. Since, the Romans referred to the Carthaginians as the Punici, the conflict between the two would be known as the Punic Wars. Carthaginian Soldier Carthage Expands: The First Punic War Carthage caused a major conflict with Rome in 264 B.C. when they tried to seize the Strait of Messina, a thin waterway in between the island of Sicily and the Italian Peninsula. This action would lead to the first Punic War. The Strait Of Messina was an important Trade route, and thus would cause conflict between the two side. The First Punic War Rome’s Army was superior to the Carthaginian army, and won key land victories in Sicily. However, Carthage still held an overall advantage because of their superior navy. However Rome was able to build a fleet and adapted to naval combat. Through tactics that included boarding the Carthaginian ships and fighting them as they would have on land, were able to defeat Carthage’s fleet. Carthage’s forces would eventually retreat back to Africa in 241 B.C. and would agree to pay Rome for the damages they caused. Relief Depicting The Roman Navy The Second Punic War Hannibal: Rome’s Public Enemy #1 Carthage would recover from its defeat. A young General named Hannibal took control of the Carthaginian army in 221 B.C., and began to act aggressively towards Rome, conquering a Roman colony at Saguntum in 219 B.C. on the Iberian Peninsula. He would come up a risky plan for attacking Rome. Hannibal’s Invasion In 219 B.C., rather than a naval invasion, Hannibal decided to put together a huge army of 40,000 men (including 40 elephants) and invade Rome from the north. This daring move required Hannibal to cross the very cold and very high Alps mountains. The Alps took their toll on Hannibal’s troops costing him half of his men and almost all of his elephants. Hannibal and his Elephants Brave the Elements The Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage Scipio successfully defends Rome Hannibal’s surviving troops were able to defeat the Romans in a number of key battles on the Peninsula. Hannibal was an extremely talented leader and won battles despite being outnumbered and poorly equipped. By 216 B.C,. after a victory at the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal’s army had become a major threat to Rome. Rome would rally under the general Scipio, attack the city of Carthage, and force Hannibal to return to defend his city. In 202 B.C., Scipio’s forces would finally defeat Hannibal at the battle of Zama. Rome would again seize Carthaginian colonies and force them to pay Rome for damages. Rome on the Attack: The Third Punic War After over 50 years of peace, Rome decided that the threat Carthage posed was too great. They decided to expand their power in the Mediterranean by eliminating Carthage. This began the third Punic War in 149 B.C.. In 146 B.C., Rome invaded Carthage, defeated their army, burned the city, sold survivors into slavery. They decided to pour salt in the ground of the city to make sure that crops could not be grown, ensuring that Carthage could not rise again to challenge the Romans. Cato the Elder was a Roman who urged constantly for the Destruction of Carthage. Results After defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars, Rome was the unrivaled power in the Mediterranean. Rome was now free to expand across the Mediterranean. Rome’s wealth increased greatly as they were now able to expand their trade. In addition it would be Roman traditions, culture, and thought that would be the major influence in the area for the years that followed.