Download Pax Romana - Cloudfront.net

Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar
•
•
100-44 BC
Born into a patrician family who
claimed to be descended from
Venus.
–
Patrician: upper-class, noble
–
Plebeian: lower-class, peasant
•
Suffered from epilepsy.
•
Rose from general, to statesman,
Timeline
•
60 BC: formed the First Triumvirate with
Crassus and Pompey.
–
Triumvirate: “rule of three men,” a political
alliance
•
53 BC: Crassus died.
•
51 BC: conquest of Gaul.
•
49 BC: Caesar defied Pompey and the Senate,
who ordered him to return to Rome. Caesar
attacked Pompey’s forces in Spain, Greece,
Octavius (Caesar Augustus)
•
•
•
Julius Caesar’s grandnephew
and heir.
Formed the Second
Triumvirate with Mark Antony
and Lepidus to defeat Caesar’s
assassins.
Defeated Antony and
Cleopatra at the Battle of
Actium.
Mark Antony
•
•
•
•
Loyal supporter, friend, and
distant cousin of Julius Caesar.
Studied rhetoric and
philosophy in Athens.
Known for wild living and
gambling.
Became the administrator of
Italy and Caesar’s second in
command.
Brutus
•
•
•
Possible illegitimate son of Julius
Caesar who was next in line as his
heir after Octavius.
Supported Pompey in the battle
against Caesar, but was later
forgiven by Caesar and made
governor of Gaul.
Feared that Caesar would become
too powerful as a dictator, which
Cassius
•
•
•
•
Co-conspirator and brother-in-law of Brutus.
Planned and convinced most of the people to
join the conspiracy, although Brutus was
commonly seen as the leader.
Remained sure in his desire to assassinate
Caesar, while Brutus hesitated before joining.
Wanted to assassinate Antony too, but Brutus
decided against it.
Calpurnia
•
•
Warned Caesar not to go to the capitol on the
Ides of March because of the nightmares she
had the night before predicting his death.
Delivered Caesar’s personal papers and
possessions to Mark Antony.
Porcia Catonis
•
•
•
•
Brutus’s wife and the
daughter of Cato.
The only woman who knew
about the assassination
plot.
Wounded herself in the
thigh to show her loyalty to
Brutus.
Committed suicide upon
Rome before and after Caesar
•
•
Roman Republic: 509-44 BC
–
Ruled by a constitution and senate
–
Out of the Senate, a consul was elected who
served for one year.
–
Julius Caesar was named consul, then dictator,
which ended the Republic
Roman Empire: 27 BC-476 AD
–
Began when Octavius was named Caesar Augustus
and emperor of Rome.