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Ms. Mohamed/History - 6th Grade
Team Members
Date Updated
Period
Leiah
Time Period
Lenny
Geography
Tyshay
Time Period
Mateo
April 7, 2014
Geography
ANCIENT ROME
GEOGRAPHY
Ancient Rome - Geography
 Rome
was located in modern day Italy
when it was founded, but has since
expanded.
 The
city was built on land near the
Mediterranean Sea.
 The
Roman Empire eventually grew and
ran all over Europe, and it was a very
great power.
Ancient Rome - Geography
 Rome
itself was built on several hills of
volcanic origins, the most notable of
which is the Palatine.
 The
hills themselves were (are) largely
made up of tufa rock, a sort of hardened
rocky sponge.
 This
type of material was found in many
of the large buildings the Romans built
over time.
Ancient Rome - Geography
This is Rome at it’s height. It went through what is today Spain,
France, Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt, Libya,
Tunisia, Algeria, Gibraltar, Britain, Germany, Iraq, and Syria.
Ancient Rome - Geography
This is a map of just Italy, Corsica, and Sardinia, with Rome right on the west
side, the city center being 12 miles inland from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Tarentum
is likely a port town in the south of Italy.
Ancient Rome - Geography

Italy is divided into East and West by the Apennine
Mountains.

The Apennines run 830 miles from the Alps from
Northern Italy to Sicily.

Other hills included the Capitoline and the
Aventine.


The Tiber River’s alluvial plains created rich soil for
farming, quarries for mining and enough water for
Rome’s people to live.
The city of Rome was only 12 miles inland from the
nearest sea.
Ancient Rome - Geography
 The
Apennines changed life in many
ways.
 For
one, cultural life depended on which
side you were on.
 Another
thing to take note of is the fact
that they provided a huge defense for
Italy, so if one side was attacked, the
other side could mount their defense, so
they could expect an enemy.
Ancient Rome - Geography
 The
main advantages of settling are that
there is a lot of water at the Tiber River.
 The
disadvantage is settling near a
Volcano.
 In
79 AD, Mt. Vesuvius erupted, burying
Pompeii under tons of ash and volcanic
soot.
WHERE WAS ROME LOCATED IN ???
•Rome
was
located in
Italy
•This
includes
islands and
peninsula in
southern
Europe.
•It
was in the
land near the
Mediterranea
n Sea.
•Rome
is
now called
“the eternal
city”.
MODERN ROME
•The
capitol
city in Italy
is Rome
ANCIENT ROME
TIME PERIOD




Rome was at its highest in 100ce by 500 the
western half of the empire collapsed.
There were many problems that caused this,
but here are the main reasons, Rome never
figured out how to be peacefully transfer
political power to a new capable leader.
Whenever an emperor died, rivals often fought
each other for the emperors crown.
Sometimes they didn’t wait an emperor to die,
they usually murdered them.
 After
180ce had a series of bad and
dishonest emperors.
 Along
with unstable emperors, Rome
had to finance their huge armies.
 As
a result, citizens had to pay heavy
taxes.
 These
taxes drove many people to
poverty.
ANCIENT ROME
GOVERNMENT

In the early days, Rome was a monarchy.

A monarchy is a government where one person
inherits power.

Then, it was overthrown in 508 BC, and
replaced by a republic.

The main officials of Rome were consuls and
there were 2 of them in office at one time.

The consuls were in office for one year, and if
they didn’t live up to expectations, they could be
replaced at the next election.
 Therefore
competence was rewarded and
impertinence was punished.
 The
consuls were advised by the Senate,
which had 600 men!
 They
 The
were all rich and very noble.
republic became an empire in 27 BC,
with Augustus as emperor.



Gaius Marius organized the army into a very
powerful fighting machine.
Julius Caesar conquered Gaul (France) in a
fabulous campaign, led expeditions into The
United Kingdom and Germany, and dictated
Rome.
Augustus (not Ms. Augustus!) was the first
emperor of Rome, his real name was Octavian
but the people called him Augustus.

He was a very impressive ruler.
 Nero
came to power when his Mom
murdered his Stepdad, the Emperor
himself (The murdered Emperor’s name
was Claudius).


He sang as Rome burned down in The Great Fire
of Rome.
He blamed the Christians for it and threw them
into Lion Dens.


Under Justinian, the eastern empire had a last
hurrah.
 He reconquered most of the empire, Rome
included.
 He created the Justinian Code. The Aya Sophia,
his greatest creation, still stands in Istanbul,
Turkey.
Trajan was a ruler who conquered Dacia, just
north of the Danube River. He was notorious for
wisdom and dignity.
 He even set up an imperial fund for poor
people!


Constantine was the first Christian emperor.
He reunited the empire, which was now
divided.
 He moved the capital to Byzantium and
renamed it Constantinopolis.
 In the Christian churches he is known as St.
Constantine, and he is known to the average
person as “Constantine the Great”.
The basis of Roman law was the exact form of
words or of actions produced legal
consequences.




An example states that a Roman can make a will
as he wished, but must leave 25% of his property
to his children or else the will was invalid.
In the 6th Century, Justinian made the Justinian
Code, collectively named Corpus Juris Civilis.
Roman legal procedures formed the basis for
modern law procedures.
There were 3 major law codes.

The first one, the Law of the 12 Tables protected
plebeians from patrician’s abuse of power.

Plebeian means “commoner” and patrician is
basically “upper class”.

The second one made the formulary system.

It was two-sided, with one side defining issues
and another deciding cases.

The third law was the cognitio extraordinaria,
which was made during the post-Classical period.
 Rome
voted for their leaders.
 Greece
had a more direct democracy.
 Originally
kings ruled Athens, then an
oligarchy, and then a democracy.

City states formed groups that came to conflict
and weakening it.

This led to conquering by Macedonians and Romans.
 Rome
was also governed by kings at first.
Rome eliminated them.
Soon a very mixed form of republic was
established, using a little bit of everything.
 In time, rule by a single being returned in the
form of an Empire.
 Eventually the Western Empire reverted to small
monarchies.





An oligarchy is rule by a certain few patricians.
The oligarchy was the second way of
government to be tried out by the Greeks, and
much different from the next step in Roman
Government, a republic.
A democracy means rulers are elected by the
citizens, which was also in Greece, but never
introduced to Rome.
And just for purposes of clarification, a
monarchy means one person inherits power.
ANCIENT ROME
ECONOMY
TRADING


The role it had was selling
goods to others.
The major things they
would sell were beef, corn,
glassware, iron, leather,
olive oil,, purple dye,
silver, spices and wine.
SOCIAL CLASSES

Rome was based on social
classes and the patricians
had more rights since they
made the laws
SLAVERY



Slavery was still part of
Rome's civilization because
without them there wouldn't
be segregation.
Slavery was not based on your
race it was based on your
social class.
Roman slavery was not
permanent because after a
period of time they would freed
them.
CIVILIZATION

It depended on how
the structure was
built
.
ANCIENT ROME
RELIGION
ROME: RELIGION
 Romans
believed in Greek mythology.
 Greek
mythology is the belief in gods and
goddesses.
 The
origin of this religion was Greek.
 Rome
evolved into a republic and was
powerful.
ROME: RELIGION


The major religious leaders of Rome were Nerva, Trajan,
Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Arielis.
Nerva was in his sixties when he came in to power. His rein
lasted AD 30-AD 98.

Hadrian was a roman emperor from 117 to 138 AD.

Trajon was one of the greatest emperors.

He ruled from 98 AD till his death in 117 AD.

Antonius Pius was a roman emperor from 138-161 AD.

Marcus Aruelius was also an emperor.

He ruled from 161-169.
ANCIENT ROME
CONTRIBUTIONS
WHY WAS ROMAN WRITING USED

It was used to communicate ideas to the Romans.

It was used to document events, and teach lessons to children.

Roman Writing’s descendants are not few in number.



French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish descended out of
Latin.
Even our alphabet is an alteration of the Roman one (some
letters were added in, “W” was one of these)!
Presently, Roman Numerals are still used
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
 The
innovation they made in Rome were the
following:

They changed their newspaper and let
public start using them. They made their
change in 59 B.C.

The also change their way in reading
instead of using tablets to read they
started to print on paper in books
THE WRITINGS OF ROME!
 Writing
was originally chiseled into stones.
 The
first Roman Document was the Lapis
Niger, said to be Romulus’ tombstone.
 The
Romans invented the Codex (defined as a
“block of wood, book”), an ancient form of a
book. It replaced the ancient scrolls.
 The
alphabet used by the Romans consisted
only of capital (uppercase).
NOW FOR A LITTLE COMPARISON!
A model of Etruscan
letters “A”, “K”, “E”, and
“Z”
Roman Numerals
I
V
X
L
C
D
M
The (E) train
English
Numbers
1
5
10
50
100
500
1000
ARTS ROLE
 Art
played a important role back then and
now.
 Art
was in many things in sculptures,
buildings, and so much more.
 Even
when the empire extended their was
still art.
NEED THE TEXTUAL?
Etruscan
Current
 21
 26
Characters
 K,
Y, and Z only
used for Greek
names
 K,
J
J
and V were
vowels
Characters
Y, and Z used on
a much more
regular basis
and V are
consonants
ANCIENT ROME CIVILIZATION





Romans greatly admired pottery, painting, and
sculptures.
Greek architecture was an important influence on the
Romans.
Romans used Greek designs in their own buildings.
Over time they learned how to use concrete to make
larger structures.
Art from Rome can inform us about how they built
their homes or, how they evolved.
ANCIENT ROME CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT ROME CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT ROME CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT ROME CIVILIZATION